Structural Analysis MCQs 2026

Damping in structures dissipates

1. A static dead load ✓
2. B only axial force ✓
3. C only yield stress ✓
4. D vibration energy ✓

Degree of static indeterminacy of a rigid jointed plane frame is given by

1. A D_s = m + r − 2j ✓
2. B D_s = 2m − j ✓
3. C D_s = m − r + j ✓
4. D D_s = 3m + r − 3j ✓

Degree of kinematic indeterminacy of a frame equals

1. A number of members only ✓
2. B number of supports only ✓
3. C number of independent joint displacements ✓
4. D always zero ✓

A two-hinged arch is statically

1. A determinate ✓
2. B indeterminate to three degrees ✓
3. C unstable ✓
4. D indeterminate to one degree externally ✓

Three-hinged arch is statically

1. A indeterminate to one degree ✓
2. B indeterminate to two degrees ✓
3. C determinate ✓
4. D unstable always ✓

Influence line for reaction at support shows

1. A only BM diagram under UDL ✓
2. B only shear at mid-span fixed ✓
3. C Mohr circle ✓
4. D variation of reaction with unit load position ✓

Muller-Breslau principle states that

1. A ILD equals SFD always ✓
2. B ILD equals axial force only ✓
3. C deflection is zero ✓
4. D influence line equals deflected shape from removing corresponding constraint ✓

For simply supported beam, ILD for mid-span moment is

1. A triangular with max ordinate at mid-span ✓
2. B rectangular ✓
3. C parabolic fixed ✓
4. D zero at mid-span ✓

Slope-deflection method accounts for

1. A only axial forces ✓
2. B only truss pin joints ✓
3. C joint rotations and displacements in member end moments ✓
4. D only soil settlement without stiffness ✓

Moment distribution method was developed by

1. A Hardy Cross ✓
2. B Euler ✓
3. C Mohr ✓
4. D Castigliano ✓

Carry-over factor in moment distribution for prismatic member is

1. A 1.0 ✓
2. B 0.25 ✓
3. C zero ✓
4. D 0.5 ✓

Stiffness factor for prismatic member with far end fixed is

1. A 3EI/L ✓
2. B EI/L ✓
3. C 6EI/L ✓
4. D 4EI/L ✓

Stiffness factor with far end pinned is

1. A 3EI/L ✓
2. B 4EI/L ✓
3. C 2EI/L ✓
4. D EI/L only ✓

Distribution factor at a joint equals

1. A member stiffness divided by sum of stiffnesses at joint ✓
2. B always 0.5 ✓
3. C always 1 ✓
4. D zero for all members ✓

Fixed-end moment in beam due to uniform load w on span L is

1. A wL²/8 ✓
2. B wL/2 ✓
3. C zero at both ends ✓
4. D wL²/12 at each end (hogging sign convention as per method) ✓

Clapeyron theorem of three moments applies to

1. A continuous beams on supports ✓
2. B only trusses ✓
3. C only cables ✓
4. D only columns ✓

Unit load method for deflection uses

1. A virtual work with unit force at desired displacement ✓
2. B only Mohr circle ✓
3. C only moment distribution ✓
4. D only soil bearing ✓

Graphical integration of M/(EI) diagram gives

1. A axial force ✓
2. B slope or deflection depending on first or second area-moment ✓
3. C shear only ✓
4. D stress at fibre ✓

Conjugate beam method maps

1. A truss to frame ✓
2. B soil to concrete ✓
3. C real beam supports to conjugate beam supports ✓
4. D steel to timber ✓

Williot-Mohr diagram is used for

1. A truss deflections graphically ✓
2. B RCC design ✓
3. C soil classification ✓
4. D mix design ✓

Truss with m members, j joints, r reactions is determinate if

1. A m + r = 3j ✓
2. B m + r = 2j for plane truss ✓
3. C m = j ✓
4. D m + r = j ✓

Internal hinge in structure

1. A increases indeterminacy always ✓
2. B has no effect ✓
3. C makes structure unstable always ✓
4. D reduces indeterminacy ✓

Statically indeterminate beams have

1. A more unknown reactions/internal forces than equilibrium equations ✓
2. B fewer unknowns ✓
3. C no compatibility ✓
4. D only axial loads ✓

Compatibility equation in indeterminate analysis expresses

1. A equality of deformations ✓
2. B sum of forces zero only ✓
3. C concrete grade ✓
4. D steel yield only ✓

Force method selects

1. A displacements only ✓
2. B concrete cover ✓
3. C redundant forces as unknowns ✓
4. D bolt diameter ✓

Displacement method selects

1. A redundant forces only ✓
2. B only reactions ✓
3. C joint displacements as unknowns ✓
4. D only stresses ✓

Stiffness matrix method assembles

1. A global stiffness from element matrices ✓
2. B only soil moduli ✓
3. C only truss zero force ✓
4. D only Mohr circle ✓

For determinate truss, member forces found by

1. A method of joints and sections ✓
2. B only moment distribution ✓
3. C only limit state design ✓
4. D only ILD only ✓

Deflection of truss joint found by

1. A only Euler buckling ✓
2. B only IS 456 ✓
3. C unit load method or graphical methods ✓
4. D only bolt shear only ✓

Temperature rise in determinate truss member causes

1. A always compression force ✓
2. B free expansion without induced force ✓
3. C always tension force ✓
4. D moment at joints ✓

Temperature change in indeterminate structure causes

1. A no stress ever ✓
2. B stresses due to restraint ✓
3. C only vertical deflection zero always ✓
4. D only plastic hinge ✓

Support settlement in determinate beam causes

1. A rigid body rotation/deflection without internal stress ✓
2. B internal stress always ✓
3. C zero deflection ✓
4. D buckling ✓

Support settlement in indeterminate beam causes

1. A no internal forces ✓
2. B only axial truss forces ✓
3. C only shear in bolts ✓
4. D bending stresses ✓

ILD for shear at section x in SSB is

1. A single parabola always ✓
2. B horizontal line only ✓
3. C two straight lines with sudden change at load point ✓
4. D circle ✓

Maximum BM in moving load series occurs when

1. A loads at supports only ✓
2. B load group is placed per ILD ordinates ✓
3. C loads at contraflexure only ✓
4. D loads zero ✓

Concentrated moving load on SSB for max BM places load at

1. A always mid-span for any section ✓
2. B section where ILD ordinate is maximum ✓
3. C always support ✓
4. D always quarter span ✓

Uniformly distributed moving load shorter than span for max BM

1. A covers maximum positive ILD area ✓
2. B covers minimum area ✓
3. C placed at one support only ✓
4. D placed off span ✓

Arches carry load primarily by

1. A pure bending only ✓
2. B pure tension only ✓
3. C shear only ✓
4. D compression along thrust line ✓

Horizontal thrust in two-hinged parabolic arch under UDL equals

1. A wL/2 ✓
2. B zero always ✓
3. C wL²/(8h) for complete UDL over span L rise h ✓
4. D wLh ✓

Cable structure under point loads forms

1. A polygonal funicular shape ✓
2. B parabola always ✓
3. C circle ✓
4. D straight line only ✓

Deflected shape of elastic curve has M/(EI) proportional to

1. A shear force only ✓
2. B axial force only ✓
3. C curvature ✓
4. D temperature only ✓

Symmetry in structure and loading allows

1. A doubling all forces incorrectly ✓
2. B ignoring equilibrium ✓
3. C no boundary conditions ✓
4. D analysing half structure ✓

Antisymmetric loading on symmetric structure can use

1. A half structure with antisymmetric boundary conditions ✓
2. B full structure always required ✓
3. C only truss method ✓
4. D only RCC limit state ✓

Portal frame under lateral load develops

1. A only axial forces ✓
2. B only torsion in all members ✓
3. C base moments and storey shears ✓
4. D zero reactions ✓

Sway in frame occurs when

1. A only vertical loads act ✓
2. B lateral displacement develops under unsymmetric stiffness/loading ✓
3. C only determinate truss ✓
4. D only cables ✓

Sidesway in moment distribution is prevented by

1. A extra equilibrium equation or symmetry ✓
2. B ignoring joint balance ✓
3. C only increasing cover ✓
4. D only bolt pretension ✓

Release of moment at hinge means

1. A slope is zero ✓
2. B bending moment is zero at that point ✓
3. C shear is zero ✓
4. D axial force zero ✓

Relative stiffness of member in distribution depends on

1. A only cross-section area ✓
2. B only concrete grade ✓
3. C I/L and end conditions ✓
4. D only bolt grade ✓

Carry-over in non-prismatic member

1. A always 0.5 ✓
2. B always 1 ✓
3. C always zero ✓
4. D is not necessarily 0.5 ✓

Fixed support provides

1. A only vertical reaction ✓
2. B restraint against translation and rotation ✓
3. C only moment release ✓
4. D no reactions ✓

Pin support in 2D provides

1. A moment and two forces ✓
2. B no reactions ✓
3. C only moment ✓
4. D reaction force but no moment restraint ✓

Roller support provides

1. A two force components and moment ✓
2. B single reaction perpendicular to rolling surface ✓
3. C moment only ✓
4. D no reaction ✓

Stable structure requires

1. A only more members than joints ✓
2. B zero reactions ✓
3. C adequate supports and non-mechanism geometry ✓
4. D only internal hinges everywhere ✓

Mechanism in structure means

1. A stable indeterminate frame ✓
2. B unstable geometry allowing rigid-body motion ✓
3. C only elastic deformation ✓
4. D only creep ✓

Redundant reaction in beam is

1. A always zero ✓
2. B always at mid-span load ✓
3. C only in truss diagonals ✓
4. D extra support beyond determinate requirements ✓

Consistent deformation method is another name for

1. A only method of joints ✓
2. B only Mohr circle ✓
3. C only Winkler soil ✓
4. D slope-deflection or stiffness approach family ✓

Flexibility matrix relates

1. A forces to plastic moment ✓
2. B displacements to forces ✓
3. C stress to strain in concrete only ✓
4. D bolt area to cover ✓

Stiffness matrix relates

1. A displacements to time only ✓
2. B only thermal strain ✓
3. C only cover depth ✓
4. D forces to displacements ✓

Linear elastic analysis assumes

1. A plastic hinges throughout ✓
2. B superposition valid and Hookean material ✓
3. C large deflection mandatory ✓
4. D cracking ignored in concrete always required ✓

Plastic analysis uses

1. A only elastic ILD ✓
2. B only Mohr circle ✓
3. C formation of plastic hinges for collapse load ✓
4. D only bolt bearing ✓

Collapse mechanism in plastic frame has

1. A no hinges ✓
2. B only elastic behaviour ✓
3. C only one hinge always enough ✓
4. D sufficient plastic hinges for mechanism ✓

Shape factor for plastic section modulus is

1. A I/Z ✓
2. B ratio of plastic to elastic section modulus ✓
3. C Z/I only without plastic ✓
4. D yield stress over E ✓

Influence line ordinate at point equals

1. A always unity everywhere ✓
2. B zero always ✓
3. C value of function when unit load at that point ✓
4. D UDL magnitude ✓

Absolute maximum BM in SSB with moving concentrated load is

1. A PL/8 always at support ✓
2. B PL/4 when load at mid-span ✓
3. C zero ✓
4. D PL/2 at support ✓

Envelope of BM from moving loads gives

1. A maximum and minimum BM at each section ✓
2. B only shear ✓
3. C only axial ✓
4. D only deflection without sign ✓

Continuous beam is typically

1. A statically indeterminate ✓
2. B always determinate ✓
3. C unstable ✓
4. D truss type ✓

Moment redistribution in RCC allows

1. A limited adjustment of elastic moments per code ✓
2. B unlimited increase anywhere ✓
3. C zero tension in steel ✓
4. D ignoring equilibrium ✓

Shear force sign convention often takes

1. A downward positive always on left ✓
2. B moment positive always hogging only ✓
3. C axial zero ✓
4. D upward positive on left face of section ✓

Hogging bending moment makes beam

1. A always sagging ✓
2. B zero curvature ✓
3. C only shear ✓
4. D concave downward (sagging negative/top in compression in sagging convention) ✓

Sagging bending moment in span makes beam

1. A concave downward always ✓
2. B straight only ✓
3. C only axial ✓
4. D concave upward in beam convention ✓

Point of inflection in deflected beam corresponds to

1. A max SF point ✓
2. B max deflection always ✓
3. C point of contraflexure in BM diagram ✓
4. D support only ✓

Elastic critical load for frame buckling depends on

1. A only concrete cover ✓
2. B only bolt threads ✓
3. C member stiffness and geometry ✓
4. D only UDL on slab ✓

Bracing in steel frame reduces

1. A only concrete shrinkage ✓
2. B effective length and lateral sway ✓
3. C only development length ✓
4. D only w/c ratio ✓

K-value for column effective length in frames depends on

1. A only section depth ✓
2. B end restraint stiffness ratios ✓
3. C only paint coating ✓
4. D only aggregate size ✓

Rayleigh-Ritz method is approximate for

1. A exact truss forces only ✓
2. B vibration or buckling eigenvalues ✓
3. C concrete mix proportion ✓
4. D bolt pretension only ✓

Dynamic amplification in moving load relates to

1. A only static ILD ✓
2. B speed and natural frequency ✓
3. C only concrete grade ✓
4. D only lap length ✓

Space truss has member force determined with

1. A 3D equilibrium equations ✓
2. B only 2D joints ✓
3. C only Mohr circle ✓
4. D only moment distribution ✓

Compound truss combines

1. A only RCC and steel ✓
2. B only soil layers ✓
3. C simple trusses linked by connecting members ✓
4. D only one bar ✓

Method of consistent deformations solves redundants by

1. A only joints in 2D ✓
2. B compatibility integrals with flexibility coefficients ✓
3. C only IS 800 bolts ✓
4. D only w/c ✓

Beam on elastic foundation uses

1. A only truss zero force ✓
2. B only Mohr for plane stress ✓
3. C Winkler model with modulus of subgrade reaction k ✓
4. D only parabolic arch thrust only ✓

ILD for support reaction in determinate beam is

1. A linear between supports for unit load ✓
2. B parabolic between supports always ✓
3. C zero everywhere ✓
4. D constant 1 everywhere ✓

Maximum negative BM at interior support of continuous beam often occurs with

1. A mid-span of adjacent spans loaded only for min ✓
2. B no load on bridge ✓
3. C spans loaded to create hogging at support ✓
4. D load off structure ✓

Prime structural analysis objective is to find

1. A internal forces, reactions and deformations ✓
2. B only concrete mix ✓
3. C only paint colour ✓
4. D only bolt length only ✓

Linear superposition applies when

1. A large plastic collapse ✓
2. B material linear and small displacements ✓
3. C cracking nonlinear always ✓
4. D geometric nonlinearity dominates ✓

Shear diagram jump at concentrated load equals

1. A magnitude of load ✓
2. B moment at load ✓
3. C zero always ✓
4. D EI value ✓

BM diagram has sudden change in slope at

1. A uniform load region ✓
2. B zero shear point only ✓
3. C concentrated load (SF jump) ✓
4. D centroid ✓

Deflection limit serviceability check uses

1. A only ultimate load factor ✓
2. B span/250 or code-specified limits often ✓
3. C only bolt bearing ✓
4. D only yield only ✓

Influence surface is extension of ILD to

1. A only axial bars ✓
2. B only bolts ✓
3. C two-way slab or plate loading ✓
4. D only soil classification ✓

Graphical statics uses force polygons for

1. A only RCC shear design ✓
2. B only creep coefficient ✓
3. C only surge tank ✓
4. D equilibrium of coplanar forces ✓

Reciprocal theorem (Betti-Maxwell) relates

1. A only thermal expansion ✓
2. B work done by one load system on displacements from another ✓
3. C only mix design ✓
4. D only zero force members ✓