Diseases, Pathogens & Vaccines MCQs 2026

Which disease is commonly known as "the flu" and is caused by influenza viruses

1. A Common cold ✓
2. B Influenza ✓
3. C Pneumonia ✓
4. D Bronchitis ✓

Which disease is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, typically spread through contaminated water

1. A Typhoid ✓
2. B Cholera ✓
3. C Tuberculosis ✓
4. D Tetanus ✓

Which disease is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi, also spread through contaminated food and water

1. A Cholera ✓
2. B Typhoid ✓
3. C Malaria ✓
4. D Diphtheria ✓

Which disease is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, often associated with deep wounds

1. A Cholera ✓
2. B Tetanus (Lockjaw) ✓
3. C Typhoid ✓
4. D Diphtheria ✓

Tetanus is commonly known by which other name, referring to a key symptom

1. A Lockjaw ✓
2. B Whooping cough ✓
3. C Consumption ✓
4. D Ague ✓

Which disease is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), attacking the immune system

1. A AIDS ✓
2. B Hepatitis ✓
3. C Tuberculosis ✓
4. D Malaria ✓

Which organ is primarily affected by Hepatitis, an inflammatory viral disease

1. A Kidney ✓
2. B Liver ✓
3. C Lungs ✓
4. D Heart ✓

How many main types of viral Hepatitis are commonly recognized

1. A Two (A and B) ✓
2. B Three (A, B, and C) ✓
3. C Five (A, B, C, D, and E) ✓
4. D Seven ✓

Which type of hepatitis is primarily spread through contaminated food and water, similar to typhoid

1. A Hepatitis A ✓
2. B Hepatitis B ✓
3. C Hepatitis C ✓
4. D Hepatitis D ✓

Which type of hepatitis is primarily spread through blood and bodily fluids, and can become chronic

1. A Hepatitis A ✓
2. B Hepatitis B ✓
3. C Both B and C are notably spread this way and can become chronic ✓
4. D Hepatitis E ✓

Which disease, caused by a Mycobacterium, historically called "consumption," primarily affects the lungs

1. A Tuberculosis ✓
2. B Pneumonia ✓
3. C Asthma ✓
4. D Bronchitis ✓

Which vaccine is specifically used to prevent tuberculosis

1. A BCG vaccine ✓
2. B MMR vaccine ✓
3. C DPT vaccine ✓
4. D Polio vaccine ✓

Which vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella collectively

1. A BCG ✓
2. B MMR vaccine ✓
3. C DPT vaccine ✓
4. D Hepatitis B vaccine ✓

Which vaccine protects against diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus collectively

1. A MMR ✓
2. B DPT vaccine ✓
3. C BCG ✓
4. D Polio vaccine ✓

Which scientist developed the first successful vaccine, against smallpox

1. A Louis Pasteur ✓
2. B Edward Jenner ✓
3. C Robert Koch ✓
4. D Alexander Fleming ✓

Which disease has been officially declared eradicated worldwide by the WHO, largely due to vaccination

1. A Smallpox ✓
2. B Polio ✓
3. C Measles ✓
4. D Tuberculosis ✓

Which disease-causing agent is not a living organism but a genetic material wrapped in protein, requiring a host cell to replicate

1. A Bacteria ✓
2. B Virus ✓
3. C Fungus ✓
4. D Protozoa ✓

Which type of disease-causing organism can be treated with antibiotics, unlike viruses

1. A Bacteria ✓
2. B Viruses ✓
3. C Both bacteria and viruses respond to antibiotics ✓
4. D Neither responds to antibiotics ✓

Which scientist is credited with developing the germ theory of disease and pasteurization

1. A Robert Koch ✓
2. B Louis Pasteur ✓
3. C Edward Jenner ✓
4. D Alexander Fleming ✓

Which scientist identified the specific bacteria causing tuberculosis and cholera, establishing key principles for identifying disease-causing microbes

1. A Louis Pasteur ✓
2. B Robert Koch ✓
3. C Edward Jenner ✓
4. D Joseph Lister ✓

Which scientist discovered penicillin, the first widely used antibiotic

1. A Louis Pasteur ✓
2. B Robert Koch ✓
3. C Alexander Fleming ✓
4. D Edward Jenner ✓

Which fungus was the natural source from which penicillin was first isolated

1. A Penicillium mold ✓
2. B Yeast ✓
3. C Aspergillus ✓
4. D Rhizopus ✓

Which respiratory disease involves inflammation of the air sacs in the lungs, often caused by bacterial or viral infection

1. A Asthma ✓
2. B Pneumonia ✓
3. C Bronchitis ✓
4. D Emphysema ✓

Which chronic respiratory condition involves airway inflammation and narrowing, causing breathing difficulty and wheezing

1. A Pneumonia ✓
2. B Asthma ✓
3. C Tuberculosis ✓
4. D Hepatitis ✓

Which disease, transmitted by the bite of infected animals (commonly dogs), affects the nervous system and is almost always fatal if untreated

1. A Rabies ✓
2. B Tetanus ✓
3. C Malaria ✓
4. D Typhoid ✓

Which disease, caused by a fungus, commonly affects the skin, causing conditions like athlete's foot and ringworm

1. A Bacterial infections ✓
2. B Fungal infections ✓
3. C Viral infections ✓
4. D Protozoal infections ✓

Which globally significant respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus led to a worldwide pandemic beginning in late 2019

1. A Influenza pandemic ✓
2. B COVID-19 ✓
3. C SARS (2003 outbreak) ✓
4. D MERS ✓

Which type of vaccine technology, notably used in some COVID-19 vaccines, uses genetic instructions to prompt cells to produce a viral protein for immune recognition

1. A Live attenuated vaccine ✓
2. B mRNA vaccine ✓
3. C Inactivated vaccine ✓
4. D Toxoid vaccine ✓

Which type of vaccine uses a weakened but still living form of the pathogen

1. A Inactivated vaccine ✓
2. B Live attenuated vaccine ✓
3. C Toxoid vaccine ✓
4. D Subunit vaccine ✓

Which type of vaccine uses a killed or inactivated form of the pathogen

1. A Live attenuated vaccine ✓
2. B Inactivated vaccine ✓
3. C mRNA vaccine ✓
4. D Conjugate vaccine ✓

Diabetes mellitus is primarily characterized by problems regulating which substance in the blood

1. A Cholesterol ✓
2. B Glucose (blood sugar) ✓
3. C Iron ✓
4. D Sodium ✓

Which type of diabetes is characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin, typically diagnosed in childhood

1. A Type 1 diabetes ✓
2. B Type 2 diabetes ✓
3. C Gestational diabetes ✓
4. D Diabetes insipidus ✓

Which type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and is more commonly associated with lifestyle factors

1. A Type 1 diabetes ✓
2. B Type 2 diabetes ✓
3. C Gestational diabetes ✓
4. D Diabetes insipidus ✓

Which condition, involving the clouding of the eye's lens, commonly causes vision impairment in older adults

1. A Glaucoma ✓
2. B Cataract ✓
3. C Myopia ✓
4. D Conjunctivitis ✓

Which eye condition involves increased pressure within the eye, potentially damaging the optic nerve

1. A Cataract ✓
2. B Glaucoma ✓
3. C Myopia ✓
4. D Hyperopia ✓

Which type of microorganism causes the common cold

1. A Bacteria ✓
2. B Virus ✓
3. C Fungus ✓
4. D Protozoa ✓

Which type of microorganism causes tuberculosis

1. A Bacteria ✓
2. B Virus ✓
3. C Fungus ✓
4. D Protozoa ✓

Which type of microorganism causes malaria

1. A Bacteria ✓
2. B Virus ✓
3. C Fungus ✓
4. D Protozoa (Plasmodium) ✓

Malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of which insect

1. A Housefly ✓
2. B Anopheles mosquito ✓
3. C Tsetse fly ✓
4. D Aedes mosquito primarily for dengue ✓

Which mosquito species is primarily responsible for transmitting dengue fever

1. A Anopheles ✓
2. B Aedes aegypti ✓
3. C Culex ✓
4. D Tsetse fly (not a mosquito) ✓

Which chronic autoimmune disease can affect multiple organ systems, including skin, joints, and kidneys

1. A Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) ✓
2. B Gout ✓
3. C Osteoarthritis ✓
4. D Rheumatoid arthritis specifically only joints ✓

Which cancer specifically originates in the white blood cells and bone marrow, affecting blood cell production

1. A Leukemia ✓
2. B Lymphoma ✓
3. C Melanoma ✓
4. D Carcinoma ✓

Which type of cancer specifically originates in the lymphatic system

1. A Leukemia ✓
2. B Lymphoma ✓
3. C Melanoma ✓
4. D Sarcoma ✓

Which type of cancer specifically originates in the pigment-producing skin cells (melanocytes)

1. A Leukemia ✓
2. B Lymphoma ✓
3. C Melanoma ✓
4. D Carcinoma generally ✓

Which general term describes cancers arising from epithelial tissue, the most common category of cancer

1. A Sarcoma ✓
2. B Carcinoma ✓
3. C Leukemia ✓
4. D Lymphoma ✓

Which term describes cancers that arise from connective tissue, such as bone, muscle, or cartilage

1. A Carcinoma ✓
2. B Sarcoma ✓
3. C Lymphoma ✓
4. D Leukemia ✓

Which chronic lung disease, commonly linked to long-term smoking, involves damage to the air sacs, reducing their elasticity

1. A Asthma ✓
2. B Emphysema ✓
3. C Pneumonia ✓
4. D Bronchitis ✓

Which broader term encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema, describing progressive lung diseases that obstruct airflow

1. A COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) ✓
2. B Asthma ✓
3. C Pneumonia ✓
4. D Tuberculosis ✓

Which sexually transmitted infection, caused by a bacterium, can lead to serious complications if untreated, including effects on the brain and heart

1. A Syphilis ✓
2. B HIV/AIDS ✓
3. C HPV ✓
4. D Herpes ✓

Which virus is strongly linked to the development of cervical cancer, with vaccines now available for prevention

1. A HIV ✓
2. B Hepatitis B ✓
3. C HPV (Human Papillomavirus) ✓
4. D Herpes simplex virus ✓

Which imaging technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves, without ionizing radiation, to create detailed body images

1. A CT scan ✓
2. B MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) ✓
3. C X-ray ✓
4. D PET scan ✓

Which imaging technique uses X-rays taken from multiple angles to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body

1. A CT scan (Computed Tomography) ✓
2. B MRI ✓
3. C Ultrasound ✓
4. D X-ray (standard) ✓

Which diagnostic procedure involves removing a small tissue sample for laboratory examination, often to check for cancer

1. A Biopsy ✓
2. B Dialysis ✓
3. C Endoscopy ✓
4. D X-ray ✓

Which medical procedure filters waste and excess fluid from the blood when kidneys fail to function properly

1. A Dialysis ✓
2. B Chemotherapy ✓
3. C Radiotherapy ✓
4. D Biopsy ✓

Which disease, caused by prolonged high blood pressure and other factors, can lead to kidney failure, requiring dialysis

1. A Chronic kidney disease ✓
2. B Cholera ✓
3. C Hepatitis ✓
4. D Malaria ✓

Which autoimmune neurological disease involves the immune system attacking the protective myelin sheath covering nerve fibers

1. A Parkinson's disease ✓
2. B Multiple sclerosis ✓
3. C Epilepsy ✓
4. D Alzheimer's disease ✓

Which neurological condition is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures

1. A Alzheimer's disease ✓
2. B Parkinson's disease ✓
3. C Epilepsy ✓
4. D Multiple sclerosis ✓

Which neurological disorder is characterized by tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with movement, resulting from loss of dopamine-producing neurons

1. A Alzheimer's disease ✓
2. B Parkinson's disease ✓
3. C Multiple sclerosis ✓
4. D Epilepsy ✓

Which degenerative brain disease is the most common cause of dementia, primarily affecting memory and cognitive function

1. A Parkinson's disease ✓
2. B Alzheimer's disease ✓
3. C Multiple sclerosis ✓
4. D Epilepsy ✓

Which severe mental disorder is characterized by symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking

1. A Depression ✓
2. B Anxiety disorder ✓
3. C Schizophrenia ✓
4. D Bipolar disorder ✓

Which mental health condition involves alternating episodes of extreme mood elevation (mania) and depression

1. A Anxiety disorder ✓
2. B Schizophrenia ✓
3. C Bipolar disorder ✓
4. D Obsessive-compulsive disorder ✓

Which term describes a sudden increase in disease cases within a specific community or region, beyond what is normally expected

1. A Epidemic ✓
2. B Endemic ✓
3. C Sporadic ✓
4. D Chronic ✓

Which term describes a disease consistently present within a particular geographic area or population

1. A Epidemic ✓
2. B Pandemic ✓
3. C Endemic ✓
4. D Sporadic ✓

Which term describes an outbreak of a disease that spreads across multiple countries or continents

1. A Epidemic ✓
2. B Pandemic ✓
3. C Endemic ✓
4. D Outbreak (localized) ✓

Which imaging technique uses high-frequency sound waves, commonly used to monitor pregnancy

1. A X-ray ✓
2. B CT scan ✓
3. C Ultrasound ✓
4. D MRI ✓

Which mental health condition is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities

1. A Anxiety disorder ✓
2. B Depression ✓
3. C Schizophrenia ✓
4. D Bipolar disorder ✓

Which condition results from overactivity of the thyroid gland, speeding up metabolism

1. A Hyperthyroidism ✓
2. B Hypothyroidism ✓
3. C Diabetes mellitus ✓
4. D Cushing's syndrome ✓

Which autoimmune disease involves the immune system attacking the joints, causing chronic inflammation and pain

1. A Rheumatoid arthritis ✓
2. B Osteoarthritis ✓
3. C Gout ✓
4. D Fibromyalgia ✓

Which condition results from underactivity of the thyroid gland, slowing metabolism

1. A Hyperthyroidism ✓
2. B Hypothyroidism ✓
3. C Diabetes insipidus ✓
4. D Addison's disease ✓

Which condition results from the body's immune system attacking the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas

1. A Type 1 diabetes ✓
2. B Type 2 diabetes ✓
3. C Hypothyroidism ✓
4. D Addison's disease ✓

Which joint condition is primarily caused by wear-and-tear degeneration of cartilage, common with aging

1. A Rheumatoid arthritis ✓
2. B Osteoarthritis ✓
3. C Lupus ✓
4. D Gout ✓

Which disease, transmitted through the bite of the tsetse fly, is prevalent in parts of Africa and affects the nervous system

1. A African sleeping sickness (Trypanosomiasis) ✓
2. B Malaria ✓
3. C Dengue fever ✓
4. D Yellow fever ✓

Which viral disease, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, causes fever, joint pain, and in severe cases, liver damage and jaundice

1. A Yellow fever ✓
2. B Malaria ✓
3. C Tuberculosis ✓
4. D Cholera ✓

Which condition is caused by excess uric acid crystals accumulating in joints, causing sudden, severe pain

1. A Rheumatoid arthritis ✓
2. B Osteoarthritis ✓
3. C Gout ✓
4. D Lupus ✓

Which respiratory disease, also called "whooping cough," is characterized by severe coughing fits

1. A Diphtheria ✓
2. B Pertussis (Whooping cough) ✓
3. C Tuberculosis ✓
4. D Pneumonia ✓

Which disease, historically feared, is caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium and transmitted by fleas on rodents

1. A Plague ✓
2. B Cholera ✓
3. C Typhoid ✓
4. D Diphtheria ✓

The infamous "Black Death" pandemic of the 14th century was caused by which disease

1. A Smallpox ✓
2. B Bubonic Plague ✓
3. C Cholera ✓
4. D Typhus ✓

Which disease, caused by a Corynebacterium species, primarily affects the throat and can cause breathing difficulty

1. A Tetanus ✓
2. B Diphtheria ✓
3. C Tuberculosis ✓
4. D Pertussis ✓

Which parasitic disease, transmitted through contaminated water containing freshwater snails, affects the urinary and intestinal systems

1. A Schistosomiasis ✓
2. B Malaria ✓
3. C Cholera ✓
4. D Giardiasis ✓

Which parasitic infection, caused by roundworms, is one of the most common intestinal parasitic infections worldwide

1. A Ascariasis ✓
2. B Malaria ✓
3. C Cholera ✓
4. D Schistosomiasis ✓

Which skin condition, caused by mites burrowing under the skin, causes intense itching

1. A Scabies ✓
2. B Ringworm ✓
3. C Eczema ✓
4. D Psoriasis ✓

Which chronic skin condition involves rapid skin cell buildup, causing scaly, red patches

1. A Eczema ✓
2. B Psoriasis ✓
3. C Scabies ✓
4. D Ringworm ✓

Which allergic skin condition causes inflamed, itchy, and red patches, often in individuals with a history of allergies

1. A Psoriasis ✓
2. B Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) ✓
3. C Scabies ✓
4. D Ringworm ✓

Which condition results from an overreaction of the immune system to normally harmless substances, such as pollen or certain foods

1. A Autoimmune disease ✓
2. B Allergy ✓
3. C Infection ✓
4. D Genetic disorder ✓

Which severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction can cause difficulty breathing and a drop in blood pressure

1. A Anaphylaxis ✓
2. B Dermatitis ✓
3. C Rhinitis ✓
4. D Conjunctivitis ✓

Which medication is commonly used as emergency treatment for severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)

1. A Antibiotics ✓
2. B Epinephrine (adrenaline) ✓
3. C Antihistamines only ✓
4. D Insulin ✓

Which blood disorder is characterized by an insufficient number of healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin

1. A Leukemia ✓
2. B Anemia ✓
3. C Hemophilia ✓
4. D Thrombosis ✓

Which inherited blood disorder impairs the blood's ability to clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding

1. A Anemia ✓
2. B Leukemia ✓
3. C Hemophilia ✓
4. D Thalassemia ✓

Which inherited blood disorder results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin, common in some Mediterranean and Asian populations

1. A Hemophilia ✓
2. B Thalassemia ✓
3. C Leukemia ✓
4. D Anemia (general) ✓

Which inherited blood disorder causes red blood cells to form an abnormal, crescent shape

1. A Thalassemia ✓
2. B Sickle Cell Disease ✓
3. C Hemophilia ✓
4. D Leukemia ✓

Which condition results from blood clots forming within blood vessels, potentially blocking blood flow

1. A Anemia ✓
2. B Thrombosis ✓
3. C Hemophilia ✓
4. D Leukemia ✓

Which serious condition occurs when a blood clot travels to and blocks an artery in the lungs

1. A Deep vein thrombosis ✓
2. B Pulmonary embolism ✓
3. C Stroke ✓
4. D Myocardial infarction ✓

Which serious condition occurs when blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted, causing brain cell damage

1. A Myocardial infarction ✓
2. B Stroke ✓
3. C Pulmonary embolism ✓
4. D Deep vein thrombosis ✓

Which serious condition, commonly called a "heart attack," occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked

1. A Stroke ✓
2. B Myocardial infarction (Heart attack) ✓
3. C Pulmonary embolism ✓
4. D Aneurysm ✓

Which condition involves an abnormal bulge or weakening in a blood vessel wall, which can rupture if untreated

1. A Thrombosis ✓
2. B Aneurysm ✓
3. C Embolism ✓
4. D Ischemia ✓

What is the general medical term for reduced blood supply to a body part or organ

1. A Ischemia ✓
2. B Aneurysm ✓
3. C Thrombosis specifically ✓
4. D Hemorrhage ✓

Which term describes internal or external bleeding, often used in the context of severe blood loss

1. A Ischemia ✓
2. B Hemorrhage ✓
3. C Thrombosis ✓
4. D Embolism ✓

Which viral disease, associated with cold sores and genital lesions, remains dormant in the body after initial infection

1. A Herpes simplex virus infection ✓
2. B HPV infection ✓
3. C Hepatitis ✓
4. D HIV ✓

Which condition, often resulting from untreated Strep throat infection, can lead to rheumatic fever and heart damage

1. A Untreated Streptococcal infection ✓
2. B Untreated Staphylococcal infection ✓
3. C Untreated viral infection ✓
4. D Untreated fungal infection ✓

Which condition involves inflammation of the appendix, often requiring surgical removal

1. A Appendicitis ✓
2. B Gastritis ✓
3. C Colitis ✓
4. D Pancreatitis ✓