Presentation of Data MCQs 2026

A scatter diagram displays

1. A one variable only in classes ✓
2. B paired observations of two quantitative variables ✓
3. C only ranked ordinal categories ✓
4. D only cumulative percentages ✓

A frequency distribution shows

1. A only the mean and median without classes ✓
2. B how observations are distributed across classes or values ✓
3. C only probabilities of future events ✓
4. D only regression coefficients ✓

A class interval in a grouped frequency distribution is

1. A always the mean of the data ✓
2. B only the highest observation ✓
3. C the range of values included in one class ✓
4. D only the sample size ✓

Class boundaries are used when

1. A classes are expressed as discrete limits and continuity is assumed ✓
2. B data are purely nominal ✓
3. C no grouping is applied ✓
4. D only pie charts are drawn ✓

Class mark (midpoint) of 20–29 is

1. A 20 ✓
2. B 29 ✓
3. C 22 ✓
4. D 24.5 ✓

A histogram is used for

1. A showing trends over time with points joined ✓
2. B comparing unrelated categories with separated bars ✓
3. C displaying the frequency distribution of continuous or grouped data ✓
4. D showing cumulative percentages only ✓

In a histogram, adjacent bars touch because

1. A all variables are nominal ✓
2. B the variable is continuous or grouped continuously ✓
3. C frequencies must always decrease ✓
4. D classes must have unequal widths ✓

A bar chart is appropriate for

1. A comparing discrete or categorical data ✓
2. B continuous frequency densities only ✓
3. C time series with connected lines only ✓
4. D cumulative distributions only ✓

A pie chart displays

1. A exact frequencies of many classes with 20 intervals ✓
2. B correlation between two variables ✓
3. C time series seasonality only ✓
4. D parts of a whole as sectors proportional to percentages ✓

A frequency polygon is constructed by

1. A joining class midpoints at their frequencies ✓
2. B joining upper class limits without midpoints ✓
3. C plotting raw data only without grouping ✓
4. D using only cumulative frequencies at lower limits ✓

An ogive (cumulative frequency curve) plots

1. A only class midpoints against simple frequency ✓
2. B only raw values in stem-and-leaf form ✓
3. C cumulative frequency against upper class boundaries ✓
4. D only deciles without cumulative totals ✓

A line graph is most suitable for

1. A unordered nominal categories only ✓
2. B parts of a single whole at one time ✓
3. C open-ended class intervals without order ✓
4. D showing trends over time ✓

Stem-and-leaf display is useful because it

1. A destroys all original digits ✓
2. B preserves actual data values while showing shape ✓
3. C only works for nominal data ✓
4. D cannot show more than 10 observations ✓

In a stem-and-leaf plot for 23, 25, 27 the stem 2 might show leaves

1. A 23 25 27 as one leaf ✓
2. B only the mean 25 ✓
3. C only the range 4 ✓
4. D 3 5 7 ✓

A boxplot (box-and-whisker) shows

1. A median, quartiles and potential outliers ✓
2. B only the mode and range without quartiles ✓
3. C only cumulative frequencies ✓
4. D only regression line slope ✓

In a boxplot, the box spans

1. A the full range from minimum to maximum always ✓
2. B only the mean ± 1 SD ✓
3. C the interquartile range from Q1 to Q3 ✓
4. D only the mode to median ✓

Positive skew in a histogram appears as

1. A a tail extending toward higher values on the right ✓
2. B a tail extending toward lower values on the left ✓
3. C perfect symmetry always ✓
4. D zero frequency in all classes ✓

Negative skew in a histogram appears as

1. A a tail extending to the right only ✓
2. B a tail extending toward lower values on the left ✓
3. C symmetric bell shape only ✓
4. D equal mean and median always ✓

Equal class widths in a histogram are preferred because

1. A unequal widths never matter ✓
2. B only aesthetics require it ✓
3. C bar area then represents frequency proportionally ✓
4. D frequencies must be cumulative ✓

Relative frequency of a class is

1. A class frequency multiplied by 100 only without dividing by n ✓
2. B total frequency divided by class frequency ✓
3. C mean of class limits ✓
4. D class frequency divided by total number of observations ✓

Percentage frequency is

1. A total frequency divided by 100 ✓
2. B class width times frequency ✓
3. C standard deviation of the class ✓
4. D relative frequency multiplied by 100 ✓

Cumulative frequency up to a class gives

1. A only the class midpoint ✓
2. B only the variance of that class ✓
3. C the count of observations less than or equal to that class upper limit ✓
4. D only the mode of the dataset ✓

A frequency table for qualitative data lists

1. A categories and their counts or percentages ✓
2. B only class midpoints for continuous data ✓
3. C only regression residuals ✓
4. D only probability density functions ✓

Open-ended class intervals such as "60 and above" affect

1. A only pie charts but not histograms ✓
2. B computation of mean from grouped data unless assumed midpoint ✓
3. C only ratio scale definition ✓
4. D only sample size n ✓

A contingency table cross-classifies data by

1. A two categorical variables ✓
2. B one continuous variable over time ✓
3. C only cumulative frequencies ✓
4. D only deciles of one variable ✓

Misleading graphs often involve

1. A labeling both axes clearly ✓
2. B using consistent scales ✓
3. C truncated vertical axes that exaggerate differences ✓
4. D showing source of data ✓

For grouped data 10–19 (f=5), 20–29 (f=8), total frequency is

1. A 5 ✓
2. B 8 ✓
3. C 21 ✓
4. D 13 ✓

If total frequency is 50 and a class has frequency 10, relative frequency is

1. A 0.10 ✓
2. B 0.20 ✓
3. C 0.50 ✓
4. D 5.0 ✓

A pictogram uses

1. A only mathematical integrals ✓
2. B only boxplot whiskers ✓
3. C only correlation coefficients ✓
4. D pictures or icons to represent quantities ✓

Class limits 10–19 and 20–29 are

1. A discrete stated endpoints of classes ✓
2. B always the same as class boundaries ✓
3. C always equal to quartiles ✓
4. D always the cumulative frequency ✓

To convert a histogram to frequency polygon, one often adds

1. A only the median class ✓
2. B only outliers as separate polygons ✓
3. C zero-frequency classes at both ends ✓
4. D only cumulative totals ✓

A table showing rows as regions and columns as products sold is

1. A a time series table ✓
2. B a cross-tabulation or contingency table ✓
3. C a stem-and-leaf plot ✓
4. D a Lorenz curve ✓

Deciles divide ordered data into

1. A ten equal parts ✓
2. B two equal parts only ✓
3. C four equal parts only ✓
4. D one hundred equal parts only ✓

Percentiles divide ordered data into

1. A ten parts only ✓
2. B only quartiles ✓
3. C only deciles with no finer splits ✓
4. D hundred equal parts ✓

A frequency curve is a smooth curve fitted to

1. A only nominal categories without order ✓
2. B only two data points ✓
3. C a frequency distribution ✓
4. D only hypothesis test results ✓

In CSS statistics, presentation questions often require

1. A deriving maximum likelihood estimators only ✓
2. B choosing the correct graph for data type ✓
3. C solving differential equations only ✓
4. D proving central limit theorem from scratch ✓

Grouped data class 30–39 with frequency 12 means

1. A the mean is 30 ✓
2. B the median is 39 ✓
3. C 12 observations fall in that interval (per stated limits) ✓
4. D the total sample is 12 only ✓

A cumulative percentage ogive reaches

1. A 50% at the first class always ✓
2. B 0% at the maximum value ✓
3. C 200% at the last boundary ✓
4. D 100% at the end of the distribution ✓

Side-by-side bar charts are useful to compare

1. A subgroups across categories ✓
2. B only one series over time ✓
3. C only a single numeric variable distribution ✓
4. D only correlation strength ✓

The main purpose of data presentation is to

1. A hide variation deliberately ✓
2. B communicate patterns clearly and accurately ✓
3. C avoid all labels and titles ✓
4. D replace all analysis with graphs only ✓