Fiqh and Islamic Law MCQs 2026

What is the term for the branch of Fiqh dealing with acts of worship such as prayer, fasting, and Hajj

1. A Fiqh-ul-Ibadat ✓
2. B Fiqh-ul-Muamalat ✓
3. C Fiqh-ul-Munakahat ✓
4. D Ilm-ul-Faraidh ✓

A scholar authorized to issue religious legal rulings (Fatwa) is referred to by which term

1. A Qadi ✓
2. B Mufti ✓
3. C Muhaddith ✓
4. D Mufassir ✓

What is the term for local custom or practice considered as a secondary source in certain legal matters

1. A Ijma ✓
2. B Urf ✓
3. C Qiyas ✓
4. D Istihsan ✓

The Islamic law of inheritance, detailing fixed shares for heirs, is known as

1. A Fiqh-ul-Muamalat ✓
2. B Ilm-ul-Faraidh ✓
3. C Fiqh-ul-Ibadat ✓
4. D Ilm-ul-Kalam ✓

What is the term for juristic preference, choosing a ruling that better serves justice over strict analogy

1. A Qiyas ✓
2. B Istihsan ✓
3. C Ijma ✓
4. D Urf ✓

What is the term for Islamic commercial and civil transactions law, such as contracts and trade

1. A Fiqh-ul-Ibadat ✓
2. B Fiqh-ul-Muamalat ✓
3. C Ilm-ul-Faraidh ✓
4. D Fiqh-ul-Munakahat ✓

What is the term for public interest or welfare considered in deriving Islamic rulings

1. A Istihsan ✓
2. B Maslahah (Istislah) ✓
3. C Sadd al-Dhara'i ✓
4. D Urf ✓

What is the term for Islamic family law, covering marriage and related matters

1. A Fiqh-ul-Ibadat ✓
2. B Fiqh-ul-Muamalat ✓
3. C Fiqh-ul-Munakahat ✓
4. D Ilm-ul-Faraidh ✓

In Islamic legal terminology, an action that is obligatory and whose omission is sinful is classified as

1. A Mustahabb ✓
2. B Fard/Wajib ✓
3. C Mubah ✓
4. D Makruh ✓

An action that is recommended but not obligatory is classified as

1. A Fard ✓
2. B Mustahabb (Sunnah) ✓
3. C Haram ✓
4. D Makruh ✓

What is the term for following the rulings of a particular scholar or school without independent investigation

1. A Ijtihad ✓
2. B Taqlid ✓
3. C Ijma ✓
4. D Qiyas ✓

An action that is permissible, neither rewarded nor punished, is classified as

1. A Fard ✓
2. B Haram ✓
3. C Mubah ✓
4. D Makruh ✓

What is the term for scholarly consensus, one of the sources of Islamic law

1. A Qiyas ✓
2. B Ijma ✓
3. C Ijtihad ✓
4. D Istihsan ✓

What is the term for analogical reasoning used to derive rulings for new situations

1. A Ijma ✓
2. B Qiyas ✓
3. C Istihsan ✓
4. D Istislah ✓

What is the term for independent legal reasoning by a qualified scholar to derive a ruling

1. A Ijma ✓
2. B Qiyas ✓
3. C Ijtihad ✓
4. D Taqlid ✓

An action that is disliked but not sinful is classified as

1. A Fard ✓
2. B Makruh ✓
3. C Haram ✓
4. D Mustahabb ✓

Which title, meaning "the Greatest Imam," is commonly given to Imam Abu Hanifa

1. A Imam-e-Azam ✓
2. B Imam-e-Darul Hijra ✓
3. C Nasir-us-Sunnah ✓
4. D Sheikh-ul-Islam ✓

Which book, compiled by Imam Malik, is one of the earliest works combining Hadith and Fiqh

1. A Al-Muwatta ✓
2. B Al-Umm ✓
3. C Al-Mabsut ✓
4. D Kitab-ul-Kharaj ✓

Which title, meaning "Imam of the Abode of Migration," was given to Imam Malik due to his lifelong residence in Madinah

1. A As-Siddiq ✓
2. B Imam-e-Azam ✓
3. C Imam-e-Darul Hijra ✓
4. D Nasir-us-Sunnah ✓

Which book by Imam Shafi'i is considered foundational to the science of Usul-ul-Fiqh (principles of jurisprudence)

1. A Al-Muwatta ✓
2. B Ar-Risala ✓
3. C Al-Umm ✓
4. D Kitab-ul-Kharaj ✓

Who founded the Shafi'i school of Fiqh

1. A Imam Abu Hanifa ✓
2. B Imam Malik ✓
3. C Imam Muhammad bin Idris ash-Shafi'i ✓
4. D Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal ✓

Who founded the Hanbali school of Fiqh

1. A Imam Abu Hanifa ✓
2. B Imam Malik ✓
3. C Imam Shafi'i ✓
4. D Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal ✓

What are the primary sources of Islamic law, in order of authority

1. A Quran, Sunnah, Ijma, Qiyas ✓
2. B Sunnah, Quran, Ijtihad, Urf ✓
3. C Ijma, Qiyas, Quran, Sunnah ✓
4. D Quran, Ijtihad, Urf, Qiyas ✓

An action that is strictly forbidden in Islam is classified as

1. A Makruh ✓
2. B Mubah ✓
3. C Haram ✓
4. D Mustahabb ✓

What does the term "Fiqh" literally mean

1. A Belief ✓
2. B Deep understanding/jurisprudence ✓
3. C Recitation ✓
4. D Purification ✓

How many major schools (Madhabs) of Sunni Fiqh are widely recognized

1. A Two ✓
2. B Three ✓
3. C Four ✓
4. D Five ✓

Who founded the Hanafi school of Fiqh

1. A Imam Abu Hanifa ✓
2. B Imam Malik ✓
3. C Imam Shafi'i ✓
4. D Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal ✓

Who founded the Maliki school of Fiqh

1. A Imam Abu Hanifa ✓
2. B Imam Malik bin Anas ✓
3. C Imam Shafi'i ✓
4. D Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal ✓

What is the term for the science of the principles and methodology of Islamic jurisprudence

1. A Fiqh ✓
2. B Usul-ul-Fiqh ✓
3. C Ilm-ul-Kalam ✓
4. D Tasawwuf ✓

A judge in an Islamic court is referred to by which term

1. A Mufti ✓
2. B Qadi ✓
3. C Alim ✓
4. D Faqih ✓

What is the term for a formal scholarly authorization or certification to teach or narrate a text

1. A Ahliyyah ✓
2. B Wilayah ✓
3. C Dhimmah ✓
4. D Ijazah ✓

What is the term for a joint partnership in Islamic finance where multiple parties contribute capital and share profit/loss proportionally

1. A Ijarah ✓
2. B Mudarabah ✓
3. C Musharakah ✓
4. D Murabaha ✓

What Islamic legal term refers to a person's capacity and legal competence to undertake rights and obligations

1. A Ahliyyah ✓
2. B Wilayah ✓
3. C Dhimmah ✓
4. D Ijazah ✓

What is the term for a leasing contract in Islamic finance

1. A Ijarah ✓
2. B Mudarabah ✓
3. C Murabaha ✓
4. D Qard Hasan ✓

What is the term for an interest-free benevolent loan in Islamic finance

1. A Riba ✓
2. B Qard Hasan ✓
3. C Gharar ✓
4. D Ijarah ✓

What is the term for a person's guardianship authority over another, such as a father's authority over a minor child

1. A Ahliyyah ✓
2. B Wilayah ✓
3. C Dhimmah ✓
4. D Ijazah ✓

What term refers to a legally binding obligation or liability a person bears

1. A Ahliyyah ✓
2. B Wilayah ✓
3. C Dhimmah ✓
4. D Ijazah ✓

What is the legal maxim "Al-Mashaqqah tajlib al-taysir" (Hardship begets facility) primarily used to justify

1. A Concessions and ease in law during difficult circumstances ✓
2. B Strict application regardless of hardship ✓
3. C Complete exemption from all religious duties ✓
4. D Abolishing established rulings ✓

What is the specific term in Islamic law for concessions or exemptions granted due to difficult circumstances

1. A Azeemah ✓
2. B Rukhsah ✓
3. C Fatwa ✓
4. D Ijtihad ✓

What is the term for the default, standard ruling applicable under normal circumstances, as opposed to a concession

1. A Rukhsah ✓
2. B Azeemah ✓
3. C Bid'ah ✓
4. D Nafl ✓

What is the legal maxim "Al-Yaqin la yazulu bil-shakk" (Certainty is not removed by doubt) commonly applied to

1. A Situations of uncertainty, where the last known certain state is upheld ✓
2. B Only inheritance disputes ✓
3. C Only marriage contracts ✓
4. D Only criminal punishments ✓

What is the term for a formal contract or agreement in Islamic commercial law

1. A Aqd ✓
2. B Fatwa ✓
3. C Ijma ✓
4. D Qiyas ✓

What is the term for a legal ruling derived by considering the consequences and blocking means to potential harm

1. A Sadd al-Dhara'i (blocking the means) ✓
2. B Istihsan ✓
3. C Qiyas ✓
4. D Ijma ✓

Which of the following is one of the five essential objectives (Daruriyyat) of Maqasid al-Shariah

1. A Protection of wealth (Hifz al-Mal) ✓
2. B Protection of poetry ✓
3. C Protection of trade routes only ✓
4. D Protection of borders only ✓

In Islamic legal theory, what is the ruling concerning matters not explicitly addressed by clear textual evidence, according to the general principle of "Al-Asl fil-Ashya al-Ibaha"

1. A They are presumed permissible unless proven otherwise ✓
2. B They are presumed forbidden unless proven otherwise ✓
3. C They cannot be judged at all ✓
4. D They must always be avoided out of caution ✓

How many essential objectives (Daruriyyat) are traditionally identified within Maqasid al-Shariah

1. A Three ✓
2. B Five ✓
3. C Seven ✓
4. D Ten ✓

What is the legal maxim "La darar wa la dirar" (No harm shall be inflicted or reciprocated) primarily concerned with

1. A Preventing harm and injury in dealings between people ✓
2. B Rules of inheritance ✓
3. C Rules of prayer ✓
4. D Rules of fasting ✓

Besides the four Sunni schools, which major school of Fiqh is followed within Shia Islam

1. A Jafari school (named after Imam Jafar as-Sadiq) ✓
2. B Zahiri school ✓
3. C Ibadi school ✓
4. D Mu'tazilite school ✓

Which region historically became predominantly associated with the Hanbali school of Fiqh

1. A Saudi Arabia (particularly influential in the Najd region) ✓
2. B South Asia ✓
3. C Turkey ✓
4. D West Africa ✓

Which minority school of Fiqh, known for its strict literalism and rejection of Qiyas, was historically associated with scholars like Ibn Hazm

1. A Zahiri school ✓
2. B Jafari school ✓
3. C Ibadi school ✓
4. D Mu'tazilite school ✓

Which region historically became predominantly associated with the Shafi'i school of Fiqh

1. A Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia), Egypt, and East Africa ✓
2. B Central Asia only ✓
3. C Iraq only ✓
4. D Iran ✓

Which relatively small but historically significant school of Fiqh is followed by a minority, notably in Oman

1. A Ibadi school ✓
2. B Zahiri school ✓
3. C Jafari school ✓
4. D Mu'tazilite school ✓

Which region historically became predominantly associated with the Maliki school of Fiqh

1. A North and West Africa ✓
2. B South Asia ✓
3. C Saudi Arabia ✓
4. D Turkey ✓

Which region historically became predominantly associated with the Hanafi school of Fiqh

1. A South Asia (Pakistan, India, Bangladesh), Turkey, and Central Asia ✓
2. B West Africa exclusively ✓
3. C Saudi Arabia exclusively ✓
4. D Only Iraq ✓

The concept of "Maqasid al-Shariah" refers to what in Islamic legal theory

1. A The higher objectives and purposes of Islamic law ✓
2. B A specific school of Fiqh ✓
3. C A type of Hadith ✓
4. D A category of prayer ✓

What Islamic financial concept prohibits charging or paying interest on loans

1. A Riba ✓
2. B Gharar ✓
3. C Zakat ✓
4. D Khums ✓

Imam Malik bin Anas spent almost his entire life in which city

1. A Kufa ✓
2. B Madinah ✓
3. C Damascus ✓
4. D Baghdad ✓

Imam Malik's school placed significant emphasis on which additional source of law, beyond Quran and Hadith, reflecting the practices of Madinah

1. A Amal Ahl al-Madinah (practice of the people of Madinah) ✓
2. B Ijma of Baghdad scholars only ✓
3. C Byzantine legal customs ✓
4. D Persian legal traditions ✓

Imam Shafi'i studied under which two major early scholars, combining elements of different early legal approaches

1. A Imam Malik and students of Imam Abu Hanifa's school ✓
2. B Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim ✓
3. C Imam Ahmad and Imam Tirmidhi ✓
4. D Ibn Hajar and Ibn Kathir ✓

Which two students of Imam Abu Hanifa played a major role in developing and recording Hanafi legal doctrine

1. A Imam Abu Yusuf and Imam Muhammad al-Shaybani ✓
2. B Imam Malik and Imam Shafi'i ✓
3. C Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim ✓
4. D Imam Tirmidhi and Imam Nasai ✓

Imam Abu Yusuf, a leading student of Abu Hanifa, served in which important judicial position under the Abbasid caliphate

1. A Chief Judge (Qadi al-Qudat) of Baghdad ✓
2. B Governor of Kufa ✓
3. C Caliph's military advisor ✓
4. D Ambassador to Byzantium ✓

Imam Shafi'i is known for developing a more systematic and structured approach to which area of Islamic scholarship

1. A Usul-ul-Fiqh (principles of jurisprudence) ✓
2. B Tafseer only ✓
3. C Hadith memorization only ✓
4. D Arabic grammar only ✓

Imam Abu Hanifa lived primarily during which century, in terms of the Hijri calendar

1. A 1st century AH ✓
2. B 2nd century AH ✓
3. C 3rd century AH ✓
4. D 4th century AH ✓

Imam Abu Hanifa was primarily based in which major city, known for its role in early Islamic jurisprudence

1. A Madinah ✓
2. B Kufa ✓
3. C Damascus ✓
4. D Cairo ✓

The Hanafi school is particularly noted for placing greater emphasis on which methodological tool, compared to some other schools

1. A Extensive use of Qiyas (analogical reasoning) and Ra'y (opinion) ✓
2. B Strict literalism only ✓
3. C Exclusive reliance on Hadith ✓
4. D Rejection of Ijtihad ✓

Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal is particularly remembered for his significant contributions to which field, alongside Fiqh

1. A Hadith compilation and preservation ✓
2. B Astronomy ✓
3. C Mathematics ✓
4. D Poetry ✓

The Hanbali school is often characterized by which general approach to legal sources

1. A A more literalist and cautious approach, relying heavily on textual evidence ✓
2. B Heavy reliance on local custom ✓
3. C Rejection of Hadith ✓
4. D Primary reliance on philosophical reasoning ✓

What Islamic financial concept refers to excessive uncertainty or ambiguity in a contract, which is also prohibited

1. A Riba ✓
2. B Gharar ✓
3. C Ijarah ✓
4. D Mudarabah ✓

What is the term for a profit-and-loss sharing partnership contract in Islamic finance, where one party provides capital and another provides expertise

1. A Ijarah ✓
2. B Mudarabah ✓
3. C Murabaha ✓
4. D Wadiah ✓

What is the term for an Islamic finance contract structured as a cost-plus-profit sale, commonly used in modern Islamic banking

1. A Mudarabah ✓
2. B Musharakah ✓
3. C Murabaha ✓
4. D Ijarah ✓