Pharmacology MCQs 2026

Pharmacokinetics in medicine refers to

1. A what the body does to a drug: ADME processes ✓
2. B time for drug concentration to reduce by half ✓
3. C ratio of toxic to therapeutic dose indicating safety margin ✓
4. D harmful unintended effect of a drug at normal doses ✓

Pharmacodynamics in medicine refers to

1. A hepatic metabolism before drug reaches systemic circulation ✓
2. B altered effect when two drugs are given together ✓
3. C what a drug does to the body: mechanism and effects ✓
4. D initial high dose to reach target concentration quickly ✓

Bioavailability in medicine refers to

1. A ratio of toxic to therapeutic dose indicating safety margin ✓
2. B fraction of administered drug reaching systemic circulation ✓
3. C harmful unintended effect of a drug at normal doses ✓
4. D regular dose to maintain steady-state concentration ✓

Half-life in medicine refers to

1. A altered effect when two drugs are given together ✓
2. B time for drug concentration to reduce by half ✓
3. C initial high dose to reach target concentration quickly ✓
4. D what the body does to a drug: ADME processes ✓

First-pass metabolism in medicine refers to

1. A harmful unintended effect of a drug at normal doses ✓
2. B regular dose to maintain steady-state concentration ✓
3. C hepatic metabolism before drug reaches systemic circulation ✓
4. D what a drug does to the body: mechanism and effects ✓

Therapeutic index in medicine refers to

1. A initial high dose to reach target concentration quickly ✓
2. B what the body does to a drug: ADME processes ✓
3. C ratio of toxic to therapeutic dose indicating safety margin ✓
4. D fraction of administered drug reaching systemic circulation ✓

Drug interaction in medicine refers to

1. A altered effect when two drugs are given together ✓
2. B regular dose to maintain steady-state concentration ✓
3. C what a drug does to the body: mechanism and effects ✓
4. D time for drug concentration to reduce by half ✓

Pharmacology case 32: a pregnant woman on medication presenting with consent issue requires the clinician to

1. A delay all investigations until next outpatient visit ✓
2. B discharge without vital sign monitoring ✓
3. C prescribe antibiotics without clinical indication ✓
4. D ensure informed voluntary consent before invasive procedure ✓

Pharmacology case 37: a elderly polypharmacy patient presenting with drug reaction requires the clinician to

1. A delay all investigations until next outpatient visit ✓
2. B discharge without vital sign monitoring ✓
3. C prescribe antibiotics without clinical indication ✓
4. D stop suspected agent and document allergy in patient record ✓

Adverse drug reaction in medicine refers to

1. A what the body does to a drug: ADME processes ✓
2. B fraction of administered drug reaching systemic circulation ✓
3. C hepatic metabolism before drug reaches systemic circulation ✓
4. D harmful unintended effect of a drug at normal doses ✓

Loading dose in medicine refers to

1. A what a drug does to the body: mechanism and effects ✓
2. B time for drug concentration to reduce by half ✓
3. C ratio of toxic to therapeutic dose indicating safety margin ✓
4. D initial high dose to reach target concentration quickly ✓

Maintenance dose in medicine refers to

1. A fraction of administered drug reaching systemic circulation ✓
2. B hepatic metabolism before drug reaches systemic circulation ✓
3. C regular dose to maintain steady-state concentration ✓
4. D altered effect when two drugs are given together ✓

Pharmacology case 4: a elderly polypharmacy patient presenting with consent issue requires the clinician to

1. A ensure informed voluntary consent before invasive procedure ✓
2. B delay all investigations until next outpatient visit ✓
3. C discharge without vital sign monitoring ✓
4. D prescribe antibiotics without clinical indication ✓

Pharmacology case 9: a renal failure patient presenting with referral decision requires the clinician to

1. A refer to appropriate specialist when care exceeds primary level capacity ✓
2. B delay all investigations until next outpatient visit ✓
3. C discharge without vital sign monitoring ✓
4. D prescribe antibiotics without clinical indication ✓

Pharmacology case 25: a elderly polypharmacy patient presenting with referral decision requires the clinician to

1. A refer to appropriate specialist when care exceeds primary level capacity ✓
2. B delay all investigations until next outpatient visit ✓
3. C discharge without vital sign monitoring ✓
4. D prescribe antibiotics without clinical indication ✓

Pharmacology case 29: a pregnant woman on medication presenting with drug reaction requires the clinician to

1. A delay all investigations until next outpatient visit ✓
2. B discharge without vital sign monitoring ✓
3. C stop suspected agent and document allergy in patient record ✓
4. D prescribe antibiotics without clinical indication ✓

Pharmacology case 48: a renal failure patient presenting with drug reaction requires the clinician to

1. A delay all investigations until next outpatient visit ✓
2. B stop suspected agent and document allergy in patient record ✓
3. C discharge without vital sign monitoring ✓
4. D prescribe antibiotics without clinical indication ✓

Pharmacology case 51: a renal failure patient presenting with consent issue requires the clinician to

1. A delay all investigations until next outpatient visit ✓
2. B discharge without vital sign monitoring ✓
3. C ensure informed voluntary consent before invasive procedure ✓
4. D prescribe antibiotics without clinical indication ✓

Pharmacology case 53: a pregnant woman on medication presenting with referral decision requires the clinician to

1. A refer to appropriate specialist when care exceeds primary level capacity ✓
2. B delay all investigations until next outpatient visit ✓
3. C discharge without vital sign monitoring ✓
4. D prescribe antibiotics without clinical indication ✓