Horticulture: Fruit Production MCQs 2026

The inflorescence of mango is commonly known as a:

1. A panicle ✓
2. B spikelet ✓
3. C catkin ✓
4. D umbel ✓

Most commercial citrus plants are propagated by:

1. A direct seeding without selection ✓
2. B budding on suitable rootstocks ✓
3. C tuber division ✓
4. D leaf cutting in open fields ✓

Banana is commercially propagated mainly through:

1. A true botanical seed in every cultivar ✓
2. B hardwood cuttings only ✓
3. C suckers or tissue-cultured plantlets ✓
4. D dry bulb scales ✓

Chilling requirement in temperate fruit trees refers to:

1. A heat units required for fruit colour only ✓
2. B the number of irrigations before flowering ✓
3. C fertilizer applied after harvesting ✓
4. D exposure to low temperature needed to break dormancy ✓

Biennial bearing in mango can be reduced by:

1. A balanced nutrition, pruning and appropriate use of growth regulators ✓
2. B harvesting only fallen fruits ✓
3. C withholding all irrigation permanently ✓
4. D planting only seedling trees without selection ✓

The main objective of high-density planting in fruit orchards is to:

1. A avoid pruning throughout orchard life ✓
2. B increase plants per unit area and obtain earlier higher yield ✓
3. C delay canopy development until senescence ✓
4. D promote random spacing without layout ✓

Training of young fruit trees is primarily done to:

1. A increase seed dormancy ✓
2. B reduce root growth completely ✓
3. C develop a strong and well-spaced framework ✓
4. D replace pollination requirements ✓

Pruning in fruit trees means:

1. A broadcasting seed in nursery beds ✓
2. B grafting two unrelated crops side by side ✓
3. C washing harvested fruits only with water ✓
4. D selective removal of plant parts to regulate growth and bearing ✓

A climacteric fruit is one that:

1. A continues ripening with a rise in respiration and ethylene after harvest ✓
2. B never produces ethylene during development ✓
3. C must be harvested only after complete decay ✓
4. D cannot soften under any condition ✓

Non-climacteric fruits are best harvested when they are:

1. A completely immature and hard ✓
2. B near eating maturity because they do not ripen substantially after harvest ✓
3. C always infected with surface mould ✓
4. D kept without light for several months on the tree ✓

Ethylene degreening is commonly used in the post-harvest handling of:

1. A walnut kernels ✓
2. B potato tubers ✓
3. C citrus fruits ✓
4. D dry cereal grains ✓

Controlled-atmosphere storage of fruits works by:

1. A raising storage temperature above field heat ✓
2. B adding soil around harvested fruit ✓
3. C keeping fruit in direct sunlight ✓
4. D modifying oxygen and carbon dioxide levels to slow respiration ✓

Mango malformation is most often associated with:

1. A Fusarium infection along with mite and varietal factors ✓
2. B excessive nitrogen fixation by nodules ✓
3. C lack of seed certification tags ✓
4. D complete absence of flower buds ✓

Citrus canker is caused by:

1. A Venturia inaequalis ✓
2. B Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri ✓
3. C Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense ✓
4. D Phytophthora infestans ✓

Banana bunchy top disease is caused by a virus transmitted mainly by:

1. A fruit fly larvae ✓
2. B termite workers ✓
3. C banana aphid ✓
4. D honey bees ✓

Apple scab is caused by:

1. A Xanthomonas oryzae ✓
2. B Colletotrichum falcatum ✓
3. C Erwinia carotovora ✓
4. D Venturia inaequalis ✓

Graft incompatibility in fruit plants refers to:

1. A failure of stock and scion to form a functional long-term union ✓
2. B excessive fruit sweetness at maturity ✓
3. C complete resistance to all nematodes ✓
4. D normal healing of every graft ✓

Rootstocks in fruit crops can influence:

1. A only the spelling of the cultivar name ✓
2. B tree size, precocity, yield efficiency and stress tolerance ✓
3. C the market tax rate on fruit ✓
4. D only the colour of nursery labels ✓

T-budding is a common propagation method for:

1. A banana pseudostems only ✓
2. B pineapple crowns only ✓
3. C citrus and several other fruit nursery plants ✓
4. D mushroom spawn only ✓

Air layering is especially useful for commercial propagation of:

1. A wheat and barley ✓
2. B onion and garlic ✓
3. C sugar beet seed crops ✓
4. D litchi and some guava types ✓

Parthenocarpy means:

1. A fruit development without fertilization ✓
2. B formation of roots from graft unions only ✓
3. C seed dormancy caused by hard seed coat ✓
4. D fruit decay after fungal infection ✓

Fruit thinning is practiced mainly to:

1. A increase overcrowding on every branch ✓
2. B remove excess young fruits and improve remaining fruit size and quality ✓
3. C stop all photosynthesis in the canopy ✓
4. D make all fruits seedless by law ✓

Fruit cracking in pomegranate is commonly aggravated by:

1. A complete absence of sunlight ✓
2. B using only certified nursery labels ✓
3. C irregular irrigation and sudden moisture fluctuations ✓
4. D harvesting fruits before flowering ✓

Sunburn injury in fruits can be reduced by:

1. A removing all leaves around fruit ✓
2. B storing fruits in hot dry wind ✓
3. C withholding all irrigation during heat waves ✓
4. D proper canopy management, shade and protective sprays where recommended ✓

Bitter pit of apple is commonly associated with deficiency or imbalance of:

1. A calcium ✓
2. B molybdenum only ✓
3. C sodium chloride ✓
4. D silica sand ✓

Boron deficiency in many fruit crops may cause:

1. A blue-green algal bloom in canals ✓
2. B internal corking, cracking or poor fruit set ✓
3. C complete immunity to frost ✓
4. D conversion of roots into tubers ✓

Black tip of mango is commonly linked with:

1. A excessive chilling requirement in summer ✓
2. B banana aphid transmission ✓
3. C industrial or brick-kiln fumes such as sulfur dioxide ✓
4. D high seed dormancy of mango stones ✓

Citrus greening disease is also known as:

1. A Panama wilt ✓
2. B apple scab ✓
3. C mango malformation ✓
4. D Huanglongbing ✓

In papaya orchards, hermaphrodite plants are often preferred because they:

1. A produce marketable fruits with desirable shape in many cultivars ✓
2. B never flower under tropical conditions ✓
3. C are always male sterile and fruitless ✓
4. D require no pollination management at all ✓

Strawberry is commonly propagated by:

1. A bulbs ✓
2. B runners ✓
3. C cormels ✓
4. D true seed only for commercial orchards ✓

Commercial pineapple planting material includes:

1. A grafted scions only ✓
2. B apple rootstocks ✓
3. C slips, suckers and crowns ✓
4. D grape cane cuttings only ✓

The severity of pruning in grapevines is decided mainly by:

1. A colour of nursery polybags ✓
2. B number of stones in mango ✓
3. C weight of fertilizer bags only ✓
4. D bearing habit and cane or spur fruitfulness of the variety ✓

A major purpose of vineyard training systems is to:

1. A support the canopy and optimize light interception ✓
2. B prevent all root growth ✓
3. C delay flowering until winter in all climates ✓
4. D eliminate the need for harvesting ✓

M9 in apple production is known as:

1. A a fungal pathogen ✓
2. B a dwarfing rootstock ✓
3. C a banana cultivar ✓
4. D a citrus degreening chemical ✓

Quince rootstock is commonly used to dwarf:

1. A banana plants ✓
2. B date palms ✓
3. C pear trees ✓
4. D pineapple plants ✓

Panama wilt of banana is caused by:

1. A Xanthomonas citri ✓
2. B Venturia inaequalis ✓
3. C Alternaria solani ✓
4. D Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense ✓

For mango pickle processing, fruits are usually harvested at the:

1. A mature green and firm stage ✓
2. B overripe fermented stage ✓
3. C fully dried seed stage ✓
4. D post-decay stage ✓

Total soluble solids of fruit juice are commonly measured with a:

1. A soil auger ✓
2. B refractometer ✓
3. C rain gauge ✓
4. D pressure bomb for leaves only ✓

Titratable acidity of fruit juice is commonly estimated by:

1. A counting leaves per shoot ✓
2. B measuring trunk girth only ✓
3. C titration with a standard alkali ✓
4. D weighing dry pruning wood ✓

A practical maturity index for fruit harvesting may combine:

1. A only the brand name of crates ✓
2. B only soil texture under the tree ✓
3. C only the number of irrigation channels ✓
4. D size, colour, TSS-acidity ratio and days from bloom ✓

Cold storage of tropical fruits must be managed carefully to avoid:

1. A chilling injury below the crop-specific critical temperature ✓
2. B normal respiration at all temperatures ✓
3. C pollination inside storage rooms ✓
4. D rootstock incompatibility after harvest ✓

Waxing of citrus fruits is practiced mainly to:

1. A increase field heat after harvest ✓
2. B reduce water loss and improve appearance ✓
3. C replace all disease control in the orchard ✓
4. D convert citrus into a climacteric fruit ✓

Pre-cooling of harvested fruit means:

1. A drying fruit in direct sunlight ✓
2. B delaying harvest until fruit drops ✓
3. C rapid removal of field heat before storage or transport ✓
4. D spraying herbicide on harvested produce ✓

Vapour heat treatment of fruit is mainly used to:

1. A increase fruit cracking in the field ✓
2. B induce root formation on cuttings ✓
3. C measure soluble solids in juice ✓
4. D disinfest quarantine pests such as fruit flies ✓

In the square system of orchard layout:

1. A trees are planted at equal spacing in both directions ✓
2. B trees are planted only on contour ridges ✓
3. C one tree is placed at the centre of every triangle only ✓
4. D spacing is changed randomly in each row ✓

Contour planting on sloping orchard land helps to:

1. A increase fruit drop through wind ✓
2. B reduce runoff and soil erosion ✓
3. C eliminate the need for drainage ✓
4. D make rows parallel to maximum slope ✓

Fertigation in orchards means:

1. A drying fruits in a furnace ✓
2. B grafting a scion on a rootstock ✓
3. C applying fertilizers through irrigation water ✓
4. D removing branches after harvest ✓

A major advantage of drip irrigation in fruit orchards is:

1. A flooding the entire field every day ✓
2. B promotion of severe soil erosion ✓
3. C complete elimination of nutrient management ✓
4. D water saving with precise delivery near the root zone ✓

Guava wilt is generally considered:

1. A a disease complex often involving Fusarium species and other pathogens ✓
2. B a physiological effect of excessive sweetness only ✓
3. C a normal stage of fruit ripening ✓
4. D an insect order used for pollination ✓

An integrated approach for fruit fly management in orchards includes:

1. A leaving infested fallen fruits under trees ✓
2. B field sanitation, bait traps and need-based control measures ✓
3. C avoiding monitoring during fruit maturity ✓
4. D using only excess nitrogen fertilizer ✓

Pakistan's horticulture export potential is strongest when producers ensure

1. A maximum pesticide residues ✓
2. B no grading at all ✓
3. C broken cold chain on purpose ✓
4. D quality, residue control and reliable cold chain ✓

Which practice best reduces sunburn on exposed fruits

1. A removing all leaves permanently ✓
2. B painting fruits with used engine oil ✓
3. C zero irrigation in peak heat always ✓
4. D canopy management and sometimes reflective/protective measures ✓

Beekeeping near orchards can help

1. A pollination of many fruit and seed crops ✓
2. B spread citrus canker as the main goal ✓
3. C replace all pesticides automatically ✓
4. D stop all flowering ✓

Aseptic processing and hygienic packing matter for

1. A only raw manure export ✓
2. B export-quality horticultural products ✓
3. C only ungraded roadside dumps ✓
4. D only burning flower waste ✓

TSS (total soluble solids) in fruits is commonly measured with

1. A a soil auger only ✓
2. B a tractor dynamometer ✓
3. C a refractometer ✓
4. D an insect sweep net ✓

Fruit maturity indices help growers to

1. A harvest only immature wood for timber ✓
2. B harvest at proper stage for market and storage ✓
3. C ignore sugar/acid balance always ✓
4. D pick based on tractor RPM ✓

Intercropping young orchards with vegetables can

1. A give interim income before trees fruit fully ✓
2. B always kill all fruit trees ✓
3. C replace the need for any irrigation forever ✓
4. D ban fertilizer use by law of nature ✓

Top-working of fruit trees means

1. A removing the entire orchard soil ✓
2. B flooding for rice only ✓
3. C changing cultivar by grafting on an established tree ✓
4. D planting wheat under canopy only ✓

Citrus canker symptoms typically include

1. A only root nodules like legumes ✓
2. B powdery white only on wheat awns ✓
3. C corky lesions on leaves, twigs and fruits ✓
4. D smut balls in maize cobs only ✓

Guava wilt is a serious problem that

1. A increases mango export automatically ✓
2. B only affects alpine apples ✓
3. C reduces orchard life and productivity ✓
4. D is beneficial for yield ✓

Off-season vegetable production raises farm income mainly by

1. A always lowering all prices to zero ✓
2. B banning urban demand ✓
3. C eliminating cold storage need ✓
4. D supplying produce when market prices are higher ✓

Cut-flower vase life is improved by

1. A clean water, proper cutting stage and cool handling ✓
2. B dirty water and high heat always ✓
3. C crushing stems fully ✓
4. D storing at oven temperatures ✓

Landscape horticulture includes

1. A only cotton ginning ✓
2. B design and maintenance of ornamental plantings and lawns ✓
3. C only canal sediment dredging ✓
4. D only livestock AI ✓

Organic horticulture emphasizes

1. A avoiding synthetic pesticides/fertilizers and using biological methods ✓
2. B maximum banned chemical dumping ✓
3. C zero compost use ✓
4. D monoculture without rotation always ✓

Hybrid vegetable seeds are popular because they often give

1. A always sterile soil forever ✓
2. B higher vigor and uniform yield ✓
3. C no need for water ✓
4. D immunity to all abiotic stress guaranteed ✓

Vegetable seed production requires

1. A mixing all varieties in one bed always ✓
2. B isolation, purity and careful roguing ✓
3. C zero labeling ✓
4. D random cross without standards ✓

Strawberry under tunnels is an example of

1. A rainfed wheat agronomy only ✓
2. B deep ploughing of cotton ✓
3. C marine aquaculture ✓
4. D high-value protected horticulture ✓

Loquat and persimmon in Pakistan are more typical of

1. A true mangrove belts ✓
2. B Thar hyper-arid core only ✓
3. C permanent snowfields ✓
4. D milder subtropical/highland fringe orchards ✓

Papaya is generally grown as

1. A a temperate apple replacement in Murree only ✓
2. B a mangrove timber tree ✓
3. C a cereal like maize ✓
4. D a quick-bearing tropical fruit plant ✓

Banana is commonly propagated by

1. A true botanical seed only in all farms ✓
2. B wheat-like drilling of grains ✓
3. C suckers / vegetative planting material ✓
4. D spore prints ✓

Fruit fly is a major pest concern especially for

1. A only wheat stem rust ✓
2. B mango and other soft fruits ✓
3. C only potato late blight fungus alone ✓
4. D only date palm weevil never on fruits ✓

Mango malformation is a serious disorder associated with

1. A only zinc surplus in deserts ✓
2. B fungal/physiological complex affecting shoots and panicles ✓
3. C only tractor vibration ✓
4. D only fish pond algae ✓

Citrus decline problems are often linked to

1. A excess alpine snowfall only ✓
2. B too many mangroves inland ✓
3. C lack of any insects ever ✓
4. D disease, poor nutrition, water stress and management issues ✓

Polyembryony is notably discussed in

1. A wheat awns only ✓
2. B mango (nucellar seedlings) ✓
3. C cotton lint only ✓
4. D tractor PTO only ✓

Seedling age and hardening before transplanting help to

1. A guarantee zero water need ✓
2. B improve field establishment of vegetables ✓
3. C eliminate all insects forever ✓
4. D convert vegetables into trees ✓

Nursery management in horticulture involves

1. A raising healthy seedlings and grafted plants ✓
2. B only harvesting mature wheat ✓
3. C only milking dairy cows ✓
4. D only designing ploughshares ✓

Gladiolus and marigold are examples of

1. A pome fruits ✓
2. B commercial flower crops ✓
3. C pulse grains ✓
4. D forest softwoods ✓

Rose is important in Pakistan floriculture for

1. A only cereal flour ✓
2. B only cotton lint ✓
3. C cut flowers, attar and ornamental use ✓
4. D only fish meal ✓

Value addition in horticulture includes

1. A only raw field dumping ✓
2. B only burning orchards ✓
3. C only exporting soil ✓
4. D juices, jams, pickles, drying and grading/packing ✓

Packaging of horticultural produce should ideally

1. A protect from damage and allow appropriate ventilation ✓
2. B crush fruit to maximize juice loss ✓
3. C seal with zero air for all crops always ✓
4. D use only open thorns ✓

Cold storage of fruits and vegetables mainly slows

1. A respiration and spoilage ✓
2. B all genetic mutation overnight ✓
3. C soil formation rates ✓
4. D canal seepage only ✓

A major postharvest loss cause in fruits is

1. A excess photosynthesis in leaves ✓
2. B too much soil nitrogen only always ✓
3. C planting on contours ✓
4. D poor handling, bruising and inadequate cold chain ✓

Mulching in vegetable beds helps to

1. A increase evaporation always ✓
2. B guarantee frost every night ✓
3. C conserve moisture and suppress weeds ✓
4. D replace photosynthesis ✓

Drip irrigation in orchards is valued because it

1. A floods the entire district equally ✓
2. B removes all soil organic matter ✓
3. C saves water and delivers it near the root zone ✓
4. D works only without any pipes ✓

High-density planting in fruit crops aims to

1. A always reduce all pruning forever ✓
2. B eliminate irrigation need ✓
3. C increase early yield per hectare with closer spacing and management ✓
4. D ban fertilizers forever ✓

Orchard layout systems include

1. A only random scattering without plan ✓
2. B square, rectangular, hexagonal and contour planting ✓
3. C only underwater grids ✓
4. D only vertical cliff drilling ✓

Kitchen gardening aims to

1. A replace all national wheat imports alone ✓
2. B ban all rural markets ✓
3. C produce household vegetables/fruits on small plots ✓
4. D convert orchards to mines ✓

Root vegetables include

1. A guava and loquat ✓
2. B carrot and radish ✓
3. C bollworm and whitefly ✓
4. D tractor and rotavator ✓

Leafy vegetables examples include

1. A spinach and lettuce ✓
2. B apple and pear ✓
3. C deodar and chir ✓
4. D Sahiwal and Cholistani ✓

Cole crops include

1. A mango and citrus ✓
2. B cauliflower and cabbage ✓
3. C wheat and rice ✓
4. D cotton and jute ✓

Cucurbits such as cucumber and melon are

1. A vining vegetables often needing support or space ✓
2. B stone fruits of Rosaceae ✓
3. C coniferous timber species ✓
4. D cold-storage only cereals ✓

Chillies are important in Pakistan as

1. A only ornamental lawn grass ✓
2. B only forest resin trees ✓
3. C spice/vegetable crops with significant production ✓
4. D only dairy fodder legumes ✓

Okra (bhindi) is typically a

1. A alpine snow crop only ✓
2. B mangrove swamp vegetable ✓
3. C temperate apple rootstock ✓
4. D warm-season vegetable ✓

Onion and garlic belong mainly to

1. A bulb / allium vegetable group ✓
2. B pome fruits ✓
3. C stone fruits ✓
4. D conifer softwoods ✓

Tomato in Pakistan is grown as

1. A an important vegetable (field and tunnel) ✓
2. B only a forest timber tree ✓
3. C only a cereal staple replacing wheat ✓
4. D only a fiber crop like cotton ✓

Protected cultivation (tunnels/greenhouses) is especially useful for

1. A off-season vegetables and high-value crops ✓
2. B only deep-sea fishing ✓
3. C only desert oil wells ✓
4. D only alpine logging ✓

Non-climacteric fruits such as citrus generally

1. A do not ripen further much after harvest ✓
2. B always double in sugar after picking ✓
3. C must be stored at 50°C ✓
4. D are only grown underwater ✓

A climacteric fruit continues to ripen after harvest; an example is

1. A grape generally as non-climacteric only always ✓
2. B citrus always identical to mango ripening ✓
3. C mango (and banana, etc.) ✓
4. D date that never softens ✓

Fruit thinning is practiced to

1. A increase disease always ✓
2. B reduce all irrigation forever ✓
3. C improve size and quality of remaining fruits ✓
4. D kill the rootstock ✓

Training and pruning of fruit trees mainly aim to

1. A remove all leaves permanently ✓
2. B stop all photosynthesis ✓
3. C shape canopy, improve light and fruit quality ✓
4. D convert trees into cereals ✓

A major advantage of vegetative propagation in fruit trees is

1. A always higher genetic diversity than seed ✓
2. B true-to-type plants of the selected cultivar ✓
3. C elimination of all pests forever ✓
4. D no need for any nursery care ✓

Citrus is commonly propagated by

1. A only cuttings of potato tubers ✓
2. B only wheat seed drills ✓
3. C only rhizome division of banana ✓
4. D budding on suitable rootstocks ✓

Propagation of mango is commonly done by

1. A only seed for all commercial orchards ✓
2. B grafting / budding on rootstock ✓
3. C spore culture like ferns ✓
4. D tissue of fish scales ✓

Grapes in Pakistan are commercially important in

1. A only mangrove swamps ✓
2. B only permanently flooded paddies ✓
3. C only alpine snowline ✓
4. D Balochistan and some irrigated tracts ✓

Apple orchards in Pakistan are mainly located in

1. A hot Indus Delta mangroves ✓
2. B cooler highland areas (e.g., Balochistan, KP, GB) ✓
3. C Thal desert sand seas ✓
4. D Karachi coastal flats only ✓

Guava is widely grown in Pakistan as

1. A a tropical/subtropical fruit tree ✓
2. B a temperate alpine berry only ✓
3. C a mangrove fruit ✓
4. D a cereal grain ✓

A well-known Pakistani date variety is

1. A Chaunsa ✓
2. B Aseel (and Begum Jangi, etc.) ✓
3. C Basmati Super ✓
4. D NIAB cotton ✓

Date palm cultivation in Pakistan is concentrated mainly in

1. A Murree-Galliyat only ✓
2. B Swat alpine meadows only ✓
3. C Indus Delta mangroves only ✓
4. D Sindh, Balochistan and southern Punjab ✓

Kinnow is a major

1. A date palm cultivar ✓
2. B banana clone ✓
3. C grape rootstock ✓
4. D mandarin-type citrus of Pakistan ✓

Citrus in Pakistan is especially important in

1. A Sargodha and adjoining Punjab citrus belt ✓
2. B only Karachi harbour ✓
3. C only Thar Desert core ✓
4. D only alpine Baltistan ✓

Sindhri mango is particularly associated with

1. A Murree hills only ✓
2. B Ziarat juniper zone ✓
3. C Sindh ✓
4. D Cholistan dunes only ✓

A leading mango variety of Pakistan is

1. A Basmati ✓
2. B Sahiwal ✓
3. C Nili-Ravi ✓
4. D Chaunsa ✓

Which province is especially famous for commercial mango production

1. A Punjab (and Sindh) ✓
2. B only Balochistan alpine zone ✓
3. C only Gilgit snowfields ✓
4. D only coastal mangroves ✓

Pakistan's national fruit is commonly cited as

1. A mango ✓
2. B apple ✓
3. C banana ✓
4. D guava ✓

Floriculture focuses on

1. A production of flowers and ornamental plants ✓
2. B wheat milling ✓
3. C canal lining ✓
4. D fish hatcheries ✓

Olericulture deals with

1. A timber forestry ✓
2. B cotton ginning ✓
3. C vegetable crops ✓
4. D poultry housing ✓

Pomology is the branch of horticulture concerned with

1. A vegetable forcing only ✓
2. B lawn mowing only ✓
3. C mushroom spawn only ✓
4. D fruit culture ✓

Horticulture primarily deals with

1. A only cereal grain breeding ✓
2. B fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants ✓
3. C only tractor design ✓
4. D only dairy genetics ✓

Banana commercial production in Pakistan is mainly in

1. A only northern alpine valleys ✓
2. B only Potohar rainfed wheat belt ✓
3. C only Quetta apple zone ✓
4. D Sindh (and some southern areas) ✓