Livestock and Dairy Production Basics MCQs 2026

Proper manure management is important mainly for:

1. A Increasing parasite breeding ✓
2. B Contaminating milk utensils ✓
3. C Reducing soil fertility forever ✓
4. D Sanitation, odour control and nutrient recycling ✓

A balanced ration is one that supplies:

1. A Only the cheapest ingredient ✓
2. B Only green leaves without minerals ✓
3. C All required nutrients in proper amounts and proportions ✓
4. D Only drinking water ✓

A lactometer is commonly used to measure:

1. A Rumen pH directly ✓
2. B Specific gravity of milk ✓
3. C Pregnancy hormone in blood ✓
4. D Air speed in a shed ✓

Creep feeding refers to:

1. A Providing young animals supplemental feed in an area adults cannot enter ✓
2. B Feeding only mature bulls ✓
3. C Watering animals once a week ✓
4. D Milking by hand only ✓

Before milking, the udder should be washed and dried to:

1. A Make the animal permanently sterile ✓
2. B Remove dirt and reduce bacterial load ✓
3. C Increase hoof length ✓
4. D Replace the need for chilling milk ✓

Newly purchased livestock should be quarantined mainly to:

1. A Prevent introducing infectious diseases into the herd ✓
2. B Increase transportation cost ✓
3. C Stop all milk let-down ✓
4. D Avoid providing water ✓

Brucellosis is important in dairy production because it is:

1. A A mineral supplement ✓
2. B A method of silage making ✓
3. C A harmless coat colour trait ✓
4. D A zoonotic disease that can affect animals and humans ✓

Dipping a newborn calf navel in iodine is done to:

1. A Increase milk fat in the dam ✓
2. B Start rumination immediately ✓
3. C Reduce the risk of navel infection ✓
4. D Change coat colour ✓

Flushing in breeding animals means:

1. A Washing the shed floor only ✓
2. B Improving nutrition before mating to support reproduction ✓
3. C Removing all roughage from the diet ✓
4. D Stopping minerals before service ✓

Dry matter intake refers to:

1. A Feed intake excluding water content ✓
2. B Only drinking water intake ✓
3. C The weight of the animal hide ✓
4. D Milk volume after boiling ✓

Clean milk production begins with:

1. A Adding water after milking ✓
2. B Leaving milk uncovered in sunlight ✓
3. C Milking sick animals first ✓
4. D Healthy animals, clean udders and sanitized utensils ✓

A major advantage of artificial insemination in cattle is:

1. A Elimination of all feeding costs ✓
2. B Guaranteed twin births ✓
3. C Wider use of superior sires for genetic improvement ✓
4. D Permanent immunity to all diseases ✓

Somatic cell count in milk is commonly used as an indicator of:

1. A Calf birth weight only ✓
2. B Udder health and mastitis status ✓
3. C Fodder seed germination ✓
4. D Shed roof height ✓

The first milk secreted after parturition is called:

1. A Colostrum ✓
2. B Whey powder ✓
3. C Skim cream ✓
4. D Molasses ✓

Sahiwal cattle are valued in South Asia mainly for:

1. A Very fine wool production ✓
2. B Egg production ✓
3. C Deep sea swimming ability ✓
4. D Heat tolerance and dairy usefulness ✓

Tick control in livestock is important because ticks can:

1. A Increase milk fat by digestion ✓
2. B Improve silage fermentation ✓
3. C Transmit diseases and cause blood loss ✓
4. D Replace vaccines naturally ✓

Gradual weaning of calves is preferred because it:

1. A Stops the need for colostrum at birth ✓
2. B Reduces stress and supports rumen adaptation ✓
3. C Prevents all external parasites ✓
4. D Shortens gestation in the dam ✓

Mineral mixture is included in livestock rations mainly to:

1. A Prevent deficiencies and support reproduction and growth ✓
2. B Replace all protein sources ✓
3. C Stop animals from drinking water ✓
4. D Make fodder unnecessary ✓

Ketosis in high-yielding dairy cows is commonly linked with:

1. A Excess oxygen in water ✓
2. B Too much clean bedding ✓
3. C High blood calcium only ✓
4. D Negative energy balance after calving ✓

Good quality hay is usually:

1. A Black, wet and foul smelling ✓
2. B Mostly soil and stones ✓
3. C Leafy, greenish and free from mould ✓
4. D Made only from animal bedding ✓

For many fodder crops, nutritive value is best when harvested:

1. A After complete drying in the field for months ✓
2. B Before or around early flowering ✓
3. C Only after seed shattering ✓
4. D Only when all leaves have fallen ✓

A vaccination programme is designed mainly to:

1. A Build immunity before likely disease exposure ✓
2. B Treat broken bones ✓
3. C Replace sanitation permanently ✓
4. D Increase feed wastage ✓

Good dairy housing should primarily provide:

1. A Darkness at all times ✓
2. B Standing water in alleys ✓
3. C No roof in summer or winter ✓
4. D Ventilation, drainage, shade and animal comfort ✓

Accurate breeding records help a dairy farmer identify:

1. A Only the colour of milk cans ✓
2. B The exact rainfall of last year ✓
3. C Repeat breeders and calving interval problems ✓
4. D The market price of wheat ✓

Milk fat percentage is important because it affects:

1. A The number of animal teeth ✓
2. B Milk quality grading and payment value ✓
3. C The colour of ear tags ✓
4. D The length of the tail ✓

Pasteurization of milk is intended to:

1. A Destroy disease-causing organisms by controlled heating ✓
2. B Increase antibiotic residues ✓
3. C Remove all milk fat ✓
4. D Change lactose into fibre ✓

Milk fever soon after calving is associated mainly with:

1. A Excess horn growth ✓
2. B High blood oxygen ✓
3. C Low body temperature only ✓
4. D Low blood calcium ✓

In herd improvement, culling means:

1. A Feeding extra colostrum to all adults ✓
2. B Changing milk into yoghurt ✓
3. C Removing unproductive or problem animals from the herd ✓
4. D Clipping hair before summer only ✓

The average gestation period of a buffalo is approximately:

1. A 180 days ✓
2. B 310 days ✓
3. C 240 days ✓
4. D 430 days ✓

The average gestation period of a cow is approximately:

1. A 283 days ✓
2. B 114 days ✓
3. C 150 days ✓
4. D 365 days ✓

Disbudding young calves is generally done to:

1. A Increase milk lactose directly ✓
2. B Shorten gestation length ✓
3. C Improve wool quality ✓
4. D Reduce future injuries and handling hazards ✓

Clean drinking water is especially important for dairy animals because:

1. A It replaces protein in the ration ✓
2. B It prevents all genetic defects ✓
3. C Milk production depends heavily on water intake ✓
4. D It is needed only during winter ✓

Roughages are essential in ruminant diets because they:

1. A Are always higher in energy than grains ✓
2. B Support rumination, saliva flow and rumen function ✓
3. C Remove the need for minerals ✓
4. D Prevent all infectious diseases ✓

The hormone responsible for milk let-down is:

1. A Oxytocin ✓
2. B Insulin ✓
3. C Adrenaline ✓
4. D Thyroxine ✓

Control of foot-and-mouth disease in a herd depends chiefly on:

1. A Increasing concentrate only ✓
2. B Stopping all roughage feeding ✓
3. C Milking once per month ✓
4. D Vaccination, movement control and biosecurity ✓

Calf scours is dangerous mainly because it can rapidly cause:

1. A Horn overgrowth ✓
2. B Higher butterfat percentage ✓
3. C Dehydration and electrolyte loss ✓
4. D Permanent rumen closure ✓

Body condition scoring in dairy animals is used to assess:

1. A Ear tag colour ✓
2. B Body fat reserves and nutritional status ✓
3. C Breed registration number ✓
4. D Milk boiling temperature ✓

In dairy cows, peak milk yield commonly occurs around:

1. A 4 to 8 weeks after calving ✓
2. B The day before calving ✓
3. C The last month of pregnancy ✓
4. D One year after drying off ✓

Regular deworming in livestock is economically useful because it:

1. A Replaces the need for clean water ✓
2. B Increases parasite egg shedding ✓
3. C Stops the need for vaccination ✓
4. D Improves health, growth and feed utilization ✓

Nili-Ravi is primarily recognized as a breed of:

1. A Meat goat ✓
2. B Wool sheep ✓
3. C Dairy buffalo ✓
4. D Layer chicken ✓

Good milking hygiene is mainly practiced to:

1. A Increase horn size ✓
2. B Reduce bacterial contamination and mastitis risk ✓
3. C Make animals eat less fodder ✓
4. D Stop normal rumination ✓

Silage is preserved mainly through:

1. A Anaerobic lactic acid fermentation ✓
2. B Direct sunlight drying ✓
3. C Addition of table salt only ✓
4. D Freezing in open air ✓

Under the common AM-PM rule, a cow first seen in standing heat in the morning is usually inseminated:

1. A Immediately after calving ✓
2. B After the dry period ends ✓
3. C Only after pregnancy diagnosis ✓
4. D About 12 hours later in the evening ✓

Feed conversion ratio in meat animals generally expresses feed consumed per:

1. A Litre of drinking water ✓
2. B Day of pregnancy ✓
3. C Unit of body weight gain ✓
4. D Dose of vaccine used ✓

A balanced ration for a lactating dairy animal should meet maintenance needs plus:

1. A Branding requirements ✓
2. B Production requirements ✓
3. C Only salt requirements ✓
4. D Only water requirements ✓

Mastitis is best described as inflammation of the:

1. A Udder or mammary gland ✓
2. B Hoof wall ✓
3. C Small intestine ✓
4. D Nasal passage ✓

Rumen microbes are most important in ruminants because they:

1. A Stop all mineral absorption ✓
2. B Produce eggs for reproduction ✓
3. C Convert milk into butterfat in the udder ✓
4. D Ferment fibrous feed into useful volatile fatty acids ✓

Which cattle breed is internationally known for very high milk yield under good management?

1. A Belgian Blue ✓
2. B Brahman ✓
3. C Holstein Friesian ✓
4. D Angus ✓

The usual dry period recommended for a dairy cow before the next calving is about:

1. A 7 to 10 days ✓
2. B 45 to 60 days ✓
3. C 120 to 150 days ✓
4. D Only the last week of pregnancy ✓

In newborn calves, the main importance of colostrum is that it provides:

1. A Passive immunity through antibodies ✓
2. B Extra water for digestion ✓
3. C Rumen microbes for hay digestion ✓
4. D Minerals needed only for horn growth ✓

Pakistan's livestock contribution to agriculture value is

1. A a large share of agricultural GDP (often cited around half or more in many periods) ✓
2. B negligible compared with only floriculture ✓
3. C zero in official accounts ✓
4. D limited to honey only ✓

Rangeland management matters for livestock because

1. A grasslands never affect animals ✓
2. B stocking rate is irrelevant ✓
3. C overgrazing degrades forage and soil ✓
4. D deserts always improve under unlimited grazing ✓

Embryo transfer technology is used to

1. A treat only mastitis with antibiotics ✓
2. B ensile maize ✓
3. C multiply offspring from elite females rapidly ✓
4. D grade eggs by weight only ✓

Heifer rearing quality determines future

1. A combine harvester life ✓
2. B canal seepage rates ✓
3. C dairy herd productivity ✓
4. D mango export Brix only ✓

Integrated farming (crop-livestock-fish) can

1. A always increase disease with zero benefit ✓
2. B recycle nutrients and diversify income ✓
3. C eliminate all market risk ✓
4. D require abandoning crops entirely ✓

Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in poultry indicates

1. A only egg shell colour ✓
2. B feed consumed per unit of weight gain ✓
3. C only feather length ✓
4. D only house temperature in °F without feed ✓

Fish seed (fingerlings) quality affects

1. A only tractor PTO speed ✓
2. B pond productivity and survival in aquaculture ✓
3. C only citrus Brix ✓
4. D only cotton gin turnout ✓

Quarantine of imported animals helps to

1. A speed unchecked imports of sick stock ✓
2. B replace all local breeds overnight ✓
3. C ban veterinary inspection ✓
4. D prevent introduction of exotic livestock diseases ✓

Zoonotic diseases are those that

1. A affect only plants ✓
2. B can transmit between animals and humans ✓
3. C affect only fish scales ✓
4. D never involve livestock ✓

Milk marketing challenges in Pakistan include

1. A complete absence of any demand ✓
2. B mandatory ultra-pasteurization in every village historically ✓
3. C zero buffalo population ✓
4. D seasonality, quality control and informal middlemen chains ✓

Sericulture is the rearing of

1. A honey bees only ✓
2. B lac insects only ✓
3. C silkworms for silk ✓
4. D dairy buffalo only ✓

Livestock sector in Pakistan is important because it

1. A provides milk, meat, draught power and rural income ✓
2. B only produces cotton lint ✓
3. C replaces all cereal calories alone ✓
4. D has no link to rural livelihoods ✓

Sahiwal is a famous Pakistani breed of

1. A sheep for fine wool only ✓
2. B chicken layer only ✓
3. C fish carp ✓
4. D dairy cattle ✓

Red Sindhi cattle are known mainly as

1. A a broiler chicken strain ✓
2. B a dairy breed of Sindh origin ✓
3. C a trout species ✓
4. D a draught horse only ✓

Bhagnari and Dhanni are examples of

1. A draught / working cattle types ✓
2. B layer poultry hybrids ✓
3. C marine shrimp ✓
4. D dairy buffalo only ✓

Beetal and Teddy are well-known Pakistani

1. A cattle dairy only ✓
2. B goat breeds ✓
3. C carp species ✓
4. D duck lines only ✓

Lohi and Thalli are associated with

1. A sheep breeds of Pakistan ✓
2. B buffalo dairy only ✓
3. C trout hatcheries ✓
4. D camel racing only ✓

Poultry industry in Pakistan mainly supplies

1. A only wool ✓
2. B only draught power ✓
3. C only fish meal as sole product ✓
4. D eggs and broiler meat ✓

Colostrum is critical for newborn calves because it

1. A replaces all future vaccinations forever ✓
2. B is identical to urea molasses blocks ✓
3. C has no nutritional value ✓
4. D provides antibodies for passive immunity ✓

Artificial insemination (AI) in cattle is used to

1. A treat only foot-and-mouth clinically ✓
2. B improve genetics using superior bulls' semen ✓
3. C replace all fodder needs ✓
4. D diagnose mastitis only ✓

Mastitis is an inflammation of

1. A the mammary gland reducing milk yield and quality ✓
2. B the hoof only ✓
3. C the rumen microbes beneficially ✓
4. D the optic nerve of buffalo ✓

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is

1. A a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals ✓
2. B a fungal rust of wheat ✓
3. C a bacterial wilt of tomato ✓
4. D a fish pond algae bloom only ✓

Rinderpest eradication is a landmark because

1. A it still spreads unchecked worldwide ✓
2. B it only affected poultry ✓
3. C it was a devastating cattle plague now globally eradicated ✓
4. D it was a plant virus ✓

Silage is

1. A dry wheat straw only ✓
2. B concentrated urea fertilizer ✓
3. C fermented high-moisture fodder stored anaerobically ✓
4. D fish protein concentrate ✓

Hay making conserves forage by

1. A drying to safe moisture for storage ✓
2. B ensiling under water ✓
3. C freezing milk ✓
4. D smoking meat only ✓

Total Mixed Ration (TMR) feeding aims to

1. A feed only straw forever ✓
2. B provide a balanced blend of forages and concentrates each bite ✓
3. C graze without any supplement always ✓
4. D withhold water to increase fat ✓

Urea molasses mineral blocks are used as

1. A supplementary feed for ruminants on poor roughages ✓
2. B pesticides for bollworm ✓
3. C fish hatchery hormones ✓
4. D tractor coolants ✓

Camel rearing is especially suited to

1. A arid and semi-arid zones of Pakistan ✓
2. B alpine permanent snowfields only ✓
3. C mangrove mudflats only ✓
4. D irrigated rice paddies only ✓

Inland fisheries in Pakistan rely heavily on

1. A only deep ocean tuna fleets ✓
2. B only alpine glaciers without water ✓
3. C only desert dunes ✓
4. D rivers, canals, reservoirs and fish farms ✓

Major carp culture in Pakistan commonly includes

1. A only Atlantic salmon in every village pond ✓
2. B only ornamental goldfish exports ✓
3. C rohu, catla and mrigal (Indian major carps) ✓
4. D only shrimp in deserts without water ✓

Trout farming in Pakistan is associated with

1. A cold clear waters of northern hilly areas ✓
2. B hot Indus Delta mangroves only ✓
3. C Thar Desert sand ponds only ✓
4. D Punjab cotton fields without water ✓

Marine fisheries of Pakistan operate mainly along

1. A only Gilgit rivers ✓
2. B the Arabian Sea coast of Sindh and Balochistan ✓
3. C only Cholistan inland seas ✓
4. D only Murree lakes for tuna ✓

Mangroves support fisheries by

1. A poisoning all fingerlings ✓
2. B blocking all tides permanently ✓
3. C providing nursery habitat for many fish and shrimp ✓
4. D replacing the need for protein ✓

Overfishing harms the sector by

1. A increasing spawning biomass always ✓
2. B improving mangrove cover automatically ✓
3. C depleting stocks below sustainable levels ✓
4. D raising mesh size benefits always ✓

Vaccination programs in livestock aim to

1. A cure nutrient deficiencies only ✓
2. B replace all housing needs ✓
3. C eliminate need for any hygiene ✓
4. D prevent major infectious diseases ✓

Draught animal power historically provided

1. A electricity generation only ✓
2. B pesticide synthesis ✓
3. C cold storage refrigeration ✓
4. D tillage and transport energy before widespread tractors ✓

Dehorning, castration and hoof care are part of

1. A plant pathology labs ✓
2. B tractor maintenance ✓
3. C canal lining ✓
4. D routine animal husbandry management ✓

Poultry biosecurity focuses on

1. A maximizing wild bird contact ✓
2. B sharing dirty equipment freely ✓
3. C preventing disease entry through hygiene and controlled movement ✓
4. D skipping dead-bird disposal ✓

Honey bees contribute to agriculture mainly by

1. A transmitting cotton leaf curl as primary role ✓
2. B pollination and hive products ✓
3. C boring rice stems ✓
4. D cutting wheat seedlings ✓

Nili-Ravi is a premier breed of

1. A goat ✓
2. B camel ✓
3. C quail ✓
4. D buffalo ✓