Sociology of Pakistan and Rural Society MCQs 2026

Patron-client politics (biradari voting) in rural elections means

1. A voters often support candidates from their kin or landlord's choice ✓
2. B strict issue-only voting without kinship ✓
3. C random selection by lottery ✓
4. D compulsory abstention ✓

Pakistani social structure is often described as a blend of

1. A only industrial class relations ✓
2. B tribal, feudal, urban and religious influences ✓
3. C only colonial bureaucracy ✓
4. D only nomadic pastoralism ✓

Feudalism in rural Pakistan is characterized primarily by

1. A equal land distribution by law ✓
2. B absence of landlord-tenant relations ✓
3. C concentrated land ownership and patron-client ties ✓
4. D fully mechanized family farms only ✓

The term "wadera" in Sindh and Punjab refers to

1. A a factory worker ✓
2. B a religious scholar only ✓
3. C a large landowning influential figure ✓
4. D a migrant labourer ✓

Tribal areas of Pakistan historically followed

1. A purely Roman civil law only ✓
2. B no social organization ✓
3. C only urban municipal codes ✓
4. D customary law (riwaj) under the Frontier Crimes Regulation framework ✓

The rural-urban divide in Pakistan is marked by

1. A differences in literacy, income and access to services ✓
2. B identical living standards everywhere ✓
3. C no migration between areas ✓
4. D absence of informal sector ✓

Biradari in Pakistani society denotes

1. A an extended kinship or lineage-based solidarity group ✓
2. B a government department ✓
3. C a trade union only ✓
4. D a political party statute ✓

Caste (zaat) in Pakistan persists mainly as

1. A a legally enforced government rank ✓
2. B an endogamous status group affecting marriage and occupation ✓
3. C only a British invention with no local effect ✓
4. D identical to economic class only ✓

The Islamization policies of General Zia-ul-Haq included

1. A complete separation of religion from state ✓
2. B abolition of all religious courts ✓
3. C secularization of education only ✓
4. D Hudood Ordinances and promotion of Islamic banking norms ✓

Honor killing (karo-kari) in Pakistan is sociologically linked to

1. A state military conscription ✓
2. B patriarchal control over female sexuality and family honor ✓
3. C industrial wage disputes ✓
4. D urban planning laws ✓

Child labor in Pakistan is concentrated in sectors such as

1. A only university research ✓
2. B only pension administration ✓
3. C only high-tech software exports ✓
4. D brick kilns, domestic work and informal workshops ✓

Bonded labor (peshgi) in rural Pakistan involves

1. A voluntary short-term internships ✓
2. B debt tying workers and families to landlords or employers ✓
3. C state scholarships only ✓
4. D free cooperative farming always ✓

NGOs in Pakistan often focus on

1. A education, health, women's rights and disaster relief ✓
2. B only military procurement ✓
3. C only luxury tourism promotion ✓
4. D only stock exchange trading ✓

The 18th Constitutional Amendment (2010) strengthened devolution by

1. A centralizing all powers in Islamabad ✓
2. B abolishing the Concurrent Legislative List and empowering provinces ✓
3. C dissolving all provincial assemblies ✓
4. D removing local governments entirely ✓

Jirga in tribal and rural Pakistan functions as

1. A a national appellate court only ✓
2. B a factory owners' syndicate ✓
3. C a university senate ✓
4. D a council of elders resolving disputes by customary norms ✓

Panchayat in rural Punjab and Sindh refers to

1. A a federal ministry ✓
2. B an international NGO ✓
3. C a village council of influential locals ✓
4. D a stock market index ✓

The Green Revolution in Pakistan primarily affected

1. A textile exports only ✓
2. B nuclear energy only ✓
3. C urban real estate only ✓
4. D agricultural productivity through high-yield crops and irrigation ✓

Zamindar in the Pakistani context is

1. A a tenant farmer without land ✓
2. B a factory foreman only ✓
3. C a religious tax collector only ✓
4. D a landowner who collects rent from tenants ✓

Harri in Sindh denotes

1. A a landless tenant farmer working for a landlord ✓
2. B a tribal chief ✓
3. C a city mayor ✓
4. D a university professor ✓

The katchi abadi phenomenon in urban Pakistan represents

1. A planned gated communities only ✓
2. B rural feudal estates ✓
3. C informal squatter settlements on public or private land ✓
4. D industrial export zones only ✓

Brain drain from Pakistan is sociologically explained by

1. A universal satisfaction with local jobs ✓
2. B absence of educated youth ✓
3. C complete closure of emigration ✓
4. D better opportunities abroad and perceived limited mobility at home ✓

Sardari system in Balochistan involves

1. A factory assembly lines only ✓
2. B tribal leadership and patronage networks ✓
3. C purely urban ward committees ✓
4. D absence of kinship ties ✓

The caste system among Punjabi Muslims includes groups such as

1. A only European nobility titles ✓
2. B only corporate CEOs ✓
3. C Rajput, Jat, Arain and Gujjar ✓
4. D only foreign diplomats ✓

Scheduled Caste communities in Pakistan (e.g., Dalits) often face

1. A exclusive access to elite clubs ✓
2. B legal prohibition of all work ✓
3. C automatic cabinet posts ✓
4. D discrimination in employment and social interaction ✓

The Objectives Resolution (1949) influenced Pakistani social policy by

1. A affirming sovereignty under Allah and Islamic principles ✓
2. B declaring absolute secularism ✓
3. C abolishing all religious identity ✓
4. D establishing a communist state ✓

Madrasa education in Pakistan serves

1. A only secular science degrees ✓
2. B religious instruction and boarding for many poor students ✓
3. C only foreign language immersion ✓
4. D only corporate management training ✓

The Lady Health Workers Programme addresses rural social needs by

1. A building motorways only ✓
2. B operating stock exchanges ✓
3. C delivering primary health and family planning at the doorstep ✓
4. D managing naval fleets ✓

The Pakistan Social Living Standards Measurement Survey measures

1. A only military recruitment ✓
2. B only cricket rankings ✓
3. C only film box office ✓
4. D poverty, employment and household welfare indicators ✓

Rural out-migration to Gulf states from Pakistan is driven mainly by

1. A remittance opportunities and limited local employment ✓
2. B mandatory government assignment ✓
3. C universal urban land grants ✓
4. D prohibition of foreign travel ✓

The FCR (Frontier Crimes Regulation) was criticized for

1. A excessive individual jury trials ✓
2. B collective punishment and weak individual legal safeguards ✓
3. C universal suffrage enforcement ✓
4. D free universal healthcare ✓

Merger of FATA into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2018) aimed to

1. A extend mainstream laws and provincial representation to tribal districts ✓
2. B restore fully autonomous tribal zones ✓
3. C abolish all courts in the region ✓
4. D remove voting rights ✓

Feudal power in Pakistan often intersects with

1. A only abstract philosophy ✓
2. B only marine biology ✓
3. C electoral politics and control over local administration ✓
4. D only space exploration ✓

The kunda system in electricity refers to

1. A illegal hook connections common in urban and rural settlements ✓
2. B official prepaid meters only ✓
3. C hydroelectric dam design ✓
4. D crop rotation technique ✓

Social stratification in Pakistan includes dimensions of

1. A only eye colour ✓
2. B only height ✓
3. C only handwriting style ✓
4. D class, caste, tribe, gender and region ✓

Bonded labour was legally addressed in Pakistan through

1. A the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act 1992 ✓
2. B the Hudood Ordinances only ✓
3. C the Companies Act only ✓
4. D the Merchant Shipping Act only ✓

The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) is

1. A a branch of the army ✓
2. B an independent NGO monitoring rights abuses ✓
3. C a cricket board ✓
4. D a stock brokerage ✓

Edhi Foundation exemplifies Pakistani civil society through

1. A arms manufacturing ✓
2. B oil drilling only ✓
3. C free ambulance, orphanage and burial services nationwide ✓
4. D luxury hotel chains ✓

Rural poverty in Pakistan is highest in provinces such as

1. A only central Lahore districts ✓
2. B Balochistan and parts of Sindh and KPK ✓
3. C only planned Islamabad sectors ✓
4. D only export processing zones ✓

Urbanization in Pakistan exceeded 38 percent (approx.) by recent estimates, meaning

1. A a growing share of the population lives in cities ✓
2. B most people live in forests ✓
3. C urban population is negligible ✓
4. D villages have disappeared ✓

The khwaja sira (transgender) community in Pakistan has gained legal recognition including

1. A complete erasure from census ✓
2. B prohibition of all employment ✓
3. C mandatory rural resettlement ✓
4. D a third gender category on some official documents ✓

Feudal literacy rates among tenant families tend to be

1. A lower than among landlord families ✓
2. B identical for all classes ✓
3. C higher for tenants always ✓
4. D irrelevant to social structure ✓

The Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal provides social assistance through

1. A submarine procurement ✓
2. B widows' support, education stipends and medical aid ✓
3. C film censorship only ✓
4. D mining royalties only ✓

Devolution under the 18th Amendment transferred health and education to

1. A only the federal ministry ✓
2. B foreign embassies ✓
3. C provincial governments ✓
4. D private banks exclusively ✓

Social problems of overpopulation in Pakistan include

1. A unlimited resources per capita ✓
2. B pressure on schools, jobs, water and housing ✓
3. C zero urban growth ✓
4. D absence of youth ✓

The Okara peasants' movement challenged

1. A university tuition fees only ✓
2. B corporate and military farm tenancy arrangements ✓
3. C airline baggage rules ✓
4. D internet domain names ✓

Rural women's work in Pakistan is often

1. A unpaid or underpaid in agriculture and home-based crafts ✓
2. B limited to CEO positions only ✓
3. C legally prohibited ✓
4. D fully mechanized with equal wages ✓

Tribal malik refers to

1. A a city traffic warden ✓
2. B a software license ✓
3. C a respected elder or leader in tribal society ✓
4. D a naval commodore only ✓

Islamization affected Pakistani textbooks by

1. A removing all religious references ✓
2. B teaching only foreign languages ✓
3. C increasing religious content and conservative narratives ✓
4. D banning all history ✓

The bonded brick kiln worker is often unable to leave because

1. A universal wealth ✓
2. B free international passports ✓
3. C debt and employer control over housing tie the family ✓
4. D state luxury pensions ✓

Local government elections after devolution aim to

1. A eliminate all village representation ✓
2. B centralize in one federal office ✓
3. C abolish municipalities ✓
4. D bring decision-making closer to communities ✓