Engineering Geology MCQs 2026

Igneous rocks form from

1. A Cooling and solidification of magma ✓
2. B Compaction of shells only ✓
3. C Chemical precipitation in sea only ✓
4. D Weathering of granite only ✓

Sedimentary rocks commonly form by

1. A Deep melting only ✓
2. B Deposition and lithification of sediments ✓
3. C Sudden volcanic eruption only ✓
4. D Metamorphism only ✓

Metamorphic rocks result from

1. A Only river deposition ✓
2. B Only biological growth ✓
3. C Only atmospheric rain only ✓
4. D Heat and pressure on existing rocks ✓

Physical weathering breaks rock by

1. A Only chemical oxidation alone always ✓
2. B Only biological photosynthesis ✓
3. C Temperature frost and abrasion ✓
4. D Only cement hydration ✓

Chemical weathering includes

1. A Hydrolysis oxidation and dissolution ✓
2. B Only mechanical splitting ✓
3. C Only rail vibration ✓
4. D Only traffic load ✓

Joint in rock mass is

1. A Large fault offset kilometres ✓
2. B Fracture with little or no displacement ✓
3. C Only soil pore ✓
4. D Only concrete rebar ✓

Fault involves

1. A No movement ever ✓
2. B Only colour change ✓
3. C Only fossil deposit ✓
4. D Relative displacement along fracture plane ✓

Strike of bedding plane is

1. A Vertical drop only ✓
2. B Direction of horizontal line on plane ✓
3. C Groundwater velocity ✓
4. D Wind direction only ✓

Dip of rock layer measured as

1. A Angle below horizontal ✓
2. B Colour index ✓
3. C Temperature in Celsius ✓
4. D Rainfall intensity ✓

Anticline is fold where

1. A Layers trough downward ✓
2. B No curvature ✓
3. C Rock layers arch upward ✓
4. D Only vertical fault ✓

Syncline is fold where

1. A Layers arch upward ✓
2. B Rock layers bend downward ✓
3. C Horizontal strata only ✓
4. D Only volcanic vent ✓

Groundwater in rock masses flows through

1. A Only steel pipes ✓
2. B Only air voids without water ✓
3. C Pores joints and fractures ✓
4. D Only bitumen layers ✓

Karst topography develops in

1. A Soluble rocks like limestone ✓
2. B Pure granite massif ✓
3. C Fresh volcanic glass only ✓
4. D Railway ballast only ✓

Slope stability in soil and rock depends on

1. A Only paint colour ✓
2. B Only road marking ✓
3. C Only signal timing ✓
4. D Shear strength geometry and groundwater ✓

Rock mass rating RMR used for

1. A Measuring bitumen penetration ✓
2. B Airport wind speed ✓
3. C Classifying quality of rock for support design ✓
4. D Harbour tide only ✓

Tunnel geology investigation requires

1. A Only surface paint test ✓
2. B Core drilling geophysical survey and mapping ✓
3. C Only traffic count ✓
4. D Only BOQ abstract ✓

Dam site geology must avoid

1. A Only good foundation rock ✓
2. B Only strong granite always without study ✓
3. C Only surface soil ✓
4. D Major faults weak seams and soluble rock abutments ✓

Grout curtain in dam foundation seals

1. A Rock fractures reducing seepage ✓
2. B Airport runway cracks ✓
3. C Highway lane marks ✓
4. D Building windows ✓

Landslide causes in hilly Pakistan include

1. A Zero gravity ✓
2. B Heavy rain undercutting and seismic shaking ✓
3. C Only wind on flat desert ✓
4. D Only harbour waves ✓

Seismic geology relates earthquakes to

1. A Only river meander ✓
2. B Only traffic vibration ✓
3. C Only pump operation ✓
4. D Active faults and tectonic plates ✓

Bearing capacity of spread footing on rock depends on

1. A Only bitumen grade ✓
2. B Only runway length ✓
3. C Rock strength and discontinuity pattern ✓
4. D Only harbour berth width ✓

Unconfined compressive strength of rock tested by

1. A Core specimen in compression ✓
2. B Penetration of bitumen ✓
3. C CBR in mould only ✓
4. D Liquid limit ✓

Schistosity in metamorphic rock is

1. A Random texture only ✓
2. B Only fossil shells ✓
3. C Only rail ballast gradation ✓
4. D Planar fabric from aligned minerals ✓

Alluvial deposits in Indus plain consist of

1. A Fresh lava flows ✓
2. B Deep marine coral only ✓
3. C Sand silt clay from river transport ✓
4. D Glacial ice only ✓

Loess deposits in northern Pakistan are

1. A Wind-blown silt prone to erosion when wet ✓
2. B Ocean coral reef ✓
3. C Railway steel ✓
4. D Harbour mud dredged only salt ✓

Groundwater table rise reduces

1. A Always increases shear strength infinitely ✓
2. B Effective stress and slope stability ✓
3. C Only affects air traffic ✓
4. D Only harbour fender load ✓

Stereographic projection used for

1. A Analyzing orientation of geological structures ✓
2. B Bitumen mix design ✓
3. C Signal timing plan ✓
4. D BOQ pricing ✓

Overconsolidated clay history implies

1. A Never loaded before ✓
2. B Past pressure greater than current overburden ✓
3. C Only volcanic origin ✓
4. D Only organic peat always ✓

Talus slope composed of

1. A Sorted beach sand only ✓
2. B Fresh concrete debris from batching ✓
3. C Railway sleepers ✓
4. D Angular rock fragments at cliff base ✓

Hydrogeological model for tunnel predicts

1. A Only aircraft load ✓
2. B Only ESAL count ✓
3. C Inflow and pore pressure during excavation ✓
4. D Only wind load on building ✓

Shear zone in rock mass indicates

1. A Perfect intact rock always ✓
2. B Crushed material along intense deformation ✓
3. C Only topsoil horizon ✓
4. D Only asphalt layer ✓

Geological survey of Pakistan GSP provides

1. A National geological maps and records ✓
2. B Only airport schedules ✓
3. C Only railway fares ✓
4. D Only harbour tariffs ✓

Reservoir rim stability concerns

1. A Only runway friction ✓
2. B Only pavement rut ✓
3. C Landslides into reservoir causing waves ✓
4. D Only building paint ✓

Expansive soils containing montmorillonite cause

1. A Zero movement ever ✓
2. B Only increased steel strength ✓
3. C Only harbour silting ✓
4. D Volume change with moisture variation ✓

Rock quality designation RQD measures

1. A Percentage of intact core pieces over 10 cm ✓
2. B Bitumen flow value ✓
3. C Concrete slump ✓
4. D Wind speed ✓

Dip slope stability worse when

1. A Bedding dips into slope ✓
2. B Bedding dips toward free face ✓
3. C Horizontal layers only ✓
4. D Vertical layers always stable without check ✓

Fault gouge material is

1. A Fresh magma ✓
2. B Pure quartz crystal ✓
3. C Rail ballast ✓
4. D Crushed clay-like product along fault ✓

Seismic refraction survey obtains

1. A Bitumen grade only ✓
2. B Concrete cube strength only ✓
3. C Subsurface layer velocities and depths ✓
4. D Harbour berth length only ✓

Ground penetrating radar GPR useful for

1. A Deep mantle study only ✓
2. B Shallow subsurface mapping ✓
3. C Only ocean trench 10 km deep ✓
4. D Only astronomical survey ✓

Geological hammer and compass used for

1. A Concrete vibration ✓
2. B Asphalt compaction ✓
3. C Signal phasing ✓
4. D Field mapping strike dip and sampling ✓

Himalayan orogeny affects Pakistan geology by

1. A Thrust faults folded strata and high seismicity ✓
2. B Only flat stable craton always ✓
3. C Only coral reef formation ✓
4. D Only glacial ice cap permanent ✓

Mudstone differs from shale by

1. A Being igneous ✓
2. B Being metallic ore always ✓
3. C Less fissility generally ✓
4. D Being railway sleeper ✓

Conglomerate rock contains

1. A Only single mineral crystal ✓
2. B Rounded gravel in matrix ✓
3. C Only organic peat ✓
4. D Only fresh lava glass ✓

Stripping overburden in quarry exposes

1. A Sound rock for aggregate production ✓
2. B Only topsoil for farming always without rock ✓
3. C Only harbour mud ✓
4. D Only runway asphalt ✓

Subsidence over limestone cavern due to

1. A Only traffic load on highway ✓
2. B Only wind on building ✓
3. C Roof collapse of underground void ✓
4. D Only rail cant ✓

Soil profile description includes

1. A Only stock market data ✓
2. B Only cricket score ✓
3. C Only airport IATA code ✓
4. D Layer boundaries colour moisture and consistency ✓

Geotextile in slope works often separates

1. A Fill from fine soil or rock ✓
2. B Air from runway ✓
3. C Fuel from aircraft ✓
4. D Rail from harbour ✓

Rock fall protection uses

1. A Only paint marks ✓
2. B Catch fences drapery and scaling ✓
3. C Only traffic signals ✓
4. D Only BOQ header ✓

Permeability of fractured rock higher than

1. A Always zero compared to anything ✓
2. B Steel plate always less ✓
3. C Concrete always more without cracks ✓
4. D Intact impermeable matrix alone ✓

Engineering geology report for project includes

1. A Only restaurant review ✓
2. B Only movie plot ✓
3. C Site conditions hazards and recommendations ✓
4. D Only fashion trends ✓