Medical Ethics and Law MCQs 2026

Informed consent in medicine refers to

1. A duty to avoid harm ✓
2. B voluntary agreement after understanding risks and benefits ✓
3. C breach of duty causing foreseeable harm ✓
4. D organ donation requiring voluntary informed donation ✓

Medical ethics case 2: a research committee presenting with consent issue requires the clinician to

1. A ensure informed voluntary consent before invasive procedure ✓
2. B delay all investigations until next outpatient visit ✓
3. C discharge without vital sign monitoring ✓
4. D prescribe antibiotics without clinical indication ✓

Medical ethics case 10: a clinical ward round presenting with consent issue requires the clinician to

1. A ensure informed voluntary consent before invasive procedure ✓
2. B delay all investigations until next outpatient visit ✓
3. C discharge without vital sign monitoring ✓
4. D prescribe antibiotics without clinical indication ✓

Beneficence in medicine refers to

1. A breach of duty causing foreseeable harm ✓
2. B organ donation requiring voluntary informed donation ✓
3. C duty to act in patient best interest ✓
4. D advance decision to withhold CPR in specified circumstances ✓

Non-maleficence in medicine refers to

1. A legal provisions on culpable homicide and medical practice ✓
2. B duty to avoid harm ✓
3. C ethical conduct in human subject research ✓
4. D voluntary agreement after understanding risks and benefits ✓

Medical negligence in medicine refers to

1. A ethical conduct in human subject research ✓
2. B voluntary agreement after understanding risks and benefits ✓
3. C breach of duty causing foreseeable harm ✓
4. D duty to act in patient best interest ✓

Research ethics in medicine refers to

1. A ethical conduct in human subject research ✓
2. B obligation to protect patient information ✓
3. C duty to avoid harm ✓
4. D breach of duty causing foreseeable harm ✓

Pakistan Penal Code medical in medicine refers to

1. A advance decision to withhold CPR in specified circumstances ✓
2. B obligation to protect patient information ✓
3. C legal provisions on culpable homicide and medical practice ✓
4. D duty to avoid harm ✓

Medical ethics case 59: a research committee presenting with confidentiality breach review requires the clinician to

1. A assess focus of infection and start empiric antibiotics if indicated ✓
2. B delay all investigations until next outpatient visit ✓
3. C discharge without vital sign monitoring ✓
4. D prescribe antibiotics without clinical indication ✓

Medical ethics case 52: a clinical ward round presenting with referral decision requires the clinician to

1. A delay all investigations until next outpatient visit ✓
2. B discharge without vital sign monitoring ✓
3. C refer to appropriate specialist when care exceeds primary level capacity ✓
4. D prescribe antibiotics without clinical indication ✓

Medical ethics case 49: a clinical ward round presenting with confidentiality breach review requires the clinician to

1. A delay all investigations until next outpatient visit ✓
2. B discharge without vital sign monitoring ✓
3. C assess focus of infection and start empiric antibiotics if indicated ✓
4. D prescribe antibiotics without clinical indication ✓

Medical ethics case 45: a medicolegal hearing presenting with referral decision requires the clinician to

1. A refer to appropriate specialist when care exceeds primary level capacity ✓
2. B delay all investigations until next outpatient visit ✓
3. C discharge without vital sign monitoring ✓
4. D prescribe antibiotics without clinical indication ✓

Medical ethics case 39: a medicolegal hearing presenting with consent issue requires the clinician to

1. A delay all investigations until next outpatient visit ✓
2. B discharge without vital sign monitoring ✓
3. C prescribe antibiotics without clinical indication ✓
4. D ensure informed voluntary consent before invasive procedure ✓

Medical ethics case 26: a research committee presenting with referral decision requires the clinician to

1. A delay all investigations until next outpatient visit ✓
2. B refer to appropriate specialist when care exceeds primary level capacity ✓
3. C discharge without vital sign monitoring ✓
4. D prescribe antibiotics without clinical indication ✓

Medical ethics case 24: a medicolegal hearing presenting with confidentiality breach review requires the clinician to

1. A assess focus of infection and start empiric antibiotics if indicated ✓
2. B delay all investigations until next outpatient visit ✓
3. C discharge without vital sign monitoring ✓
4. D prescribe antibiotics without clinical indication ✓

Transplantation ethics in medicine refers to

1. A organ donation requiring voluntary informed donation ✓
2. B voluntary agreement after understanding risks and benefits ✓
3. C duty to act in patient best interest ✓
4. D respect for patient self-determination ✓

Autonomy in medicine refers to

1. A organ donation requiring voluntary informed donation ✓
2. B advance decision to withhold CPR in specified circumstances ✓
3. C obligation to protect patient information ✓
4. D respect for patient self-determination ✓

Confidentiality in medicine refers to

1. A respect for patient self-determination ✓
2. B legal provisions on culpable homicide and medical practice ✓
3. C ethical conduct in human subject research ✓
4. D obligation to protect patient information ✓

Do not resuscitate in medicine refers to

1. A duty to act in patient best interest ✓
2. B advance decision to withhold CPR in specified circumstances ✓
3. C respect for patient self-determination ✓
4. D legal provisions on culpable homicide and medical practice ✓