Forest Mensuration and Biometrics MCQs 2026

Biometric growth models help foresters to

1. A eliminate all fieldwork forever without data ✓
2. B predict future stand development under treatments ✓
3. C replace species ecology entirely ✓
4. D ignore site quality ✓

Growing stock assessment is essential for

1. A only nursery polybag color choice ✓
2. B management planning and sustained yield regulation ✓
3. C only painting boundary rocks ✓
4. D only writing novels ✓

Diameter tape is graduated so that

1. A height reads as volume ✓
2. B age reads as BA ✓
3. C girth measurement reads directly as diameter ✓
4. D volume reads as rainfall ✓

Calipers measure

1. A only height ✓
2. B tree diameter directly across the stem ✓
3. C only age ✓
4. D only volume without diameter ✓

A hypsometer based on similar triangles uses

1. A only tree weight ✓
2. B only bark color ✓
3. C angles to tip and base plus horizontal distance ✓
4. D only seed count ✓

Taper describes

1. A only leaf tapering ✓
2. B only root hair length ✓
3. C how stem diameter decreases with height ✓
4. D only road gradient ✓

Top height or dominant height is often

1. A mean height of the largest trees used for site index ✓
2. B height of the smallest seedling ✓
3. C average of all weeds ✓
4. D height of the understory only ✓

Volume per hectare is a key expression of

1. A only rainfall intensity ✓
2. B only wind speed ✓
3. C only staff density ✓
4. D stand growing stock density ✓

The unit hectare equals

1. A 100 square meters ✓
2. B 1 square meter ✓
3. C 1,000,000 square kilometers ✓
4. D 10,000 square meters ✓

Outliers in diameter data should be

1. A always deleted without inspection ✓
2. B always doubled ✓
3. C checked for measurement error before inclusion ✓
4. D ignored as impossible forever without checks ✓

Stratification in inventory means

1. A mixing all types randomly without plan ✓
2. B avoiding maps ✓
3. C measuring only one tree ✓
4. D dividing the forest into more homogeneous parts before sampling ✓

Sampling inventory is preferred for large forests because it

1. A estimates parameters with known precision at lower cost ✓
2. B always has zero error ✓
3. C ignores all statistics ✓
4. D measures nothing ✓

A full enumeration measures

1. A only every 100th province ✓
2. B all trees in the area of interest ✓
3. C only nursery weeds ✓
4. D only boundary pillars ✓

Forest biometrics applies

1. A only taxonomy of insects ✓
2. B statistical methods to forest measurement and inventory ✓
3. C only nursery poetry ✓
4. D only road engineering ✓

Allometric equations predict

1. A political elections ✓
2. B biomass or volume from easier measures like DBH ✓
3. C rainfall tomorrow exactly ✓
4. D seed market fashion ✓

Spacing of trees can be roughly related to

1. A number of stems per hectare ✓
2. B only leaf nitrogen ✓
3. C only bark pH ✓
4. D only auction lot number ✓

Canopy density or crown cover estimates

1. A only stem DBH ✓
2. B proportion of ground covered by crowns ✓
3. C only root biomass ✓
4. D only soil N ✓

Stock table presents

1. A volume (or basal area) by diameter classes ✓
2. B only staff roster ✓
3. C only nursery catalogue ✓
4. D only law sections ✓

Stand table presents

1. A only species list without sizes ✓
2. B only prices ✓
3. C number of trees by diameter classes ✓
4. D only rainfall ✓

Pressler's borer (increment borer) is used to

1. A extract cores for ring counts and growth study ✓
2. B fell the entire tree always ✓
3. C measure only plot area ✓
4. D weigh logs only ✓

Tree age of temperate conifers can be estimated by

1. A counting annual rings ✓
2. B counting leaves only ✓
3. C weighing bark only ✓
4. D measuring only crown color ✓

Bark allowance is considered when

1. A bark is never present ✓
2. B volume is only leaf litter ✓
3. C under-bark volume is required from over-bark measurements ✓
4. D measuring only soil ✓

Stack volume of fuelwood differs from solid volume because

1. A stacks have no voids ever ✓
2. B air spaces exist between pieces in a stack ✓
3. C solid volume is always larger by law of voids zero ✓
4. D fuelwood has no volume ✓

Hoppus system historically measured

1. A only leaf area ✓
2. B timber volume using a quarter-girth type rule in British India tradition ✓
3. C only rainfall ✓
4. D only wildlife density ✓

Log volume may be estimated by formulas such as

1. A Smalian, Huber or Newton formulas using end diameters and length ✓
2. B only counting growth rings of standing trees ✓
3. C only weighing leaves ✓
4. D only DBH without length ✓

Accuracy is

1. A only the number of decimal places printed ✓
2. B only instrument brand prestige ✓
3. C only sample size without design ✓
4. D closeness of an estimate to the true value ✓

Precision refers to

1. A closeness to true value only (accuracy) ✓
2. B repeatability / closeness of repeated measurements ✓
3. C political correctness ✓
4. D seed purity only ✓

Bias in measurement means

1. A purely random scatter around truth ✓
2. B perfect accuracy ✓
3. C zero error always ✓
4. D systematic error in one direction ✓

Point sampling (prism cruising) estimates basal area using

1. A only weighing logs ✓
2. B only counting seedlings ✓
3. C only soil pH ✓
4. D angle gauge counts of trees appearing larger than a critical angle ✓

Fixed area plots have

1. A radius that changes with every tree DBH ✓
2. B zero area ✓
3. C constant plot size such as 0.1 ha circles or squares ✓
4. D infinite area ✓

A sample plot in forest inventory is

1. A the entire country always measured tree by tree ✓
2. B only a nursery bed ✓
3. C a measured area used to estimate stand parameters ✓
4. D only a timber depot ✓

Site quality or site index reflects

1. A only distance to market ✓
2. B only number of forest guards ✓
3. C productive capacity of a site for a species ✓
4. D only road length ✓

Culmination of MAI is important because

1. A it ends all growth forever ✓
2. B it indicates a volume-oriented technical rotation age ✓
3. C it bans thinning ✓
4. D it measures only seed years ✓

MAI means

1. A mean annual increment ✓
2. B maximum allowable insecticide ✓
3. C mangrove area index ✓
4. D mechanical axe inventory ✓

CAI means

1. A canal afforestation index ✓
2. B current annual increment ✓
3. C crown area integer ✓
4. D coupe allocation invoice ✓

Increment is

1. A only mortality ✓
2. B only harvest removals ✓
3. C growth in diameter, height, basal area or volume over time ✓
4. D only rainfall ✓

Crop diameter often means

1. A only nursery collar diameter ✓
2. B only seed diameter ✓
3. C only fruit diameter ✓
4. D mean diameter of the stand (commonly quadratic or arithmetic as defined) ✓

Quadratic mean diameter relates to

1. A arithmetic mean height only ✓
2. B soil particle diameter ✓
3. C diameter of the tree of average basal area ✓
4. D rainfall drop size ✓

Stand basal area is commonly expressed per

1. A hectare ✓
2. B second ✓
3. C milliliter ✓
4. D candela ✓

Basal area of a tree is

1. A the leaf area index only ✓
2. B the root surface only ✓
3. C the crown projection only ✓
4. D the cross-sectional area at breast height ✓

General volume tables typically use

1. A only leaf color ✓
2. B only bark taste ✓
3. C only GPS brand ✓
4. D DBH and height (and sometimes form) ✓

Local volume tables are usually based on

1. A DBH alone for a limited area/species ✓
2. B satellite rainfall only ✓
3. C soil color only ✓
4. D political boundaries only ✓

A volume table gives

1. A estimated volume from measurable tree variables such as DBH and height ✓
2. B only timber market prices ✓
3. C only species lists without numbers ✓
4. D only nursery yields ✓

Form factor is

1. A always equal to 1 for all trees ✓
2. B soil bulk density ✓
3. C rainfall form ✓
4. D the ratio of tree volume to the volume of a cylinder with same DBH and height ✓

Merchantable height is

1. A the usable length of stem for products up to a specified top diameter ✓
2. B total height including unusable tip always ✓
3. C only stump height ✓
4. D only root depth ✓

Tree height can be measured using

1. A only weighing the tree ✓
2. B hypsometers, clinometers or geometric methods ✓
3. C only counting leaves ✓
4. D only tasting the bark ✓

Girth at breast height relates to diameter by

1. A diameter = girth / Ï€ (for circular cross-section) ✓
2. B diameter = girth × Ï€ ✓
3. C diameter = girth² ✓
4. D girth = diameter / 100 always ✓

In many countries including Pakistan practice influenced by British tradition, breast height is commonly

1. A 10 m above ground ✓
2. B ground level only ✓
3. C the tip of the leader ✓
4. D 1.37 m (4.5 ft) above ground ✓

DBH means

1. A depth below hydrology ✓
2. B daily browse height ✓
3. C diameter at breast height ✓
4. D depot billing hours ✓

Forest mensuration deals with

1. A only wildlife behavior ✓
2. B only nursery accounting ✓
3. C only forest law cases ✓
4. D measurement of trees, stands and forest products ✓