Introduction to Forestry and Importance of Forests MCQs 2026

Forestry is best defined as the science and art of

1. A mining mineral resources from forest land ✓
2. B managing forests and forest lands for human benefit ✓
3. C only cutting mature trees for timber ✓
4. D converting all forests into farmland ✓

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) include

1. A only sawn logs ✓
2. B only plywood ✓
3. C resin, medicinal plants, honey and fodder ✓
4. D only railway sleepers ✓

Forests contribute to the hydrological cycle mainly by

1. A preventing all rainfall ✓
2. B intercepting rain and promoting infiltration and regulated streamflow ✓
3. C creating permanent deserts ✓
4. D stopping groundwater recharge ✓

Desertification risk increases when

1. A forest and vegetation cover is lost and soil is exposed ✓
2. B tree cover expands sustainably ✓
3. C watersheds are well forested ✓
4. D shelterbelts are maintained ✓

The term 'forest produce' in forest law generally includes

1. A only living wild animals in zoos ✓
2. B only agricultural wheat ✓
3. C timber, fuelwood, charcoal, resin and other listed items ✓
4. D only imported plastic ✓

Conservation of forests is important for agriculture because forests

1. A destroy all irrigation canals ✓
2. B have no link to farming ✓
3. C replace the need for water entirely ✓
4. D protect watersheds that supply irrigation water ✓

Which is an example of a cultural/recreational forest benefit

1. A eco-tourism and scenic recreation ✓
2. B only pulpwood volume ✓
3. C only mine props ✓
4. D only charcoal bags ✓

Joint Forest Management (JFM) involves

1. A excluding villagers from planning ✓
2. B partnership between forest department and local communities ✓
3. C military control of all nurseries ✓
4. D complete privatization of national parks only ✓

A key objective of Pakistan's National Forest Policy 2015 is

1. A eliminating all tree cover ✓
2. B banning all afforestation ✓
3. C converting mangroves to industry only ✓
4. D expanding forest cover and curbing deforestation ✓

Crown of a tree refers to

1. A the underground taproot only ✓
2. B the bark of the stump only ✓
3. C the foliage-bearing part formed by branches and leaves ✓
4. D the annual ring at breast height only ✓

Which province generally has among the lowest percentages of forest cover

1. A Balochistan ✓
2. B Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ✓
3. C areas of moist temperate Himalaya ✓
4. D Murree hills ✓

The primary goal of conservation-oriented forestry is to

1. A maximize clear-felling every year ✓
2. B maintain forest health and long-term ecological functions ✓
3. C replace forests with monoculture crops only ✓
4. D drain all wetlands ✓

Silviculture primarily deals with

1. A the establishment, growth and tending of forest crops ✓
2. B wildlife hunting regulations only ✓
3. C marketing of finished furniture ✓
4. D construction of forest roads only ✓

According to Pakistan's National Forest Policy 2015, forest and tree cover is about

1. A 25% of land area ✓
2. B 40% of land area ✓
3. C 5% of land area ✓
4. D 15% of land area ✓

For a balanced environment, many textbooks cite a desirable national forest cover of about

1. A 5% ✓
2. B 10% ✓
3. C 15% ✓
4. D 25% ✓

Which of the following is a direct (productive) benefit of forests

1. A regulation of climate only ✓
2. B timber and fuelwood ✓
3. C aesthetic beauty only ✓
4. D watershed protection only ✓

An indirect (protective/environmental) benefit of forests is

1. A watershed protection and soil conservation ✓
2. B timber production ✓
3. C resin collection ✓
4. D furniture manufacture ✓

Afforestation means

1. A replanting only after clear-felling the same species ✓
2. B natural regeneration without any planting ✓
3. C thinning of overcrowded stands ✓
4. D establishing forest on land that was not recently forested ✓

Reforestation refers to

1. A converting forest to agriculture ✓
2. B planting trees in urban parks only ✓
3. C re-establishing forest on recently cleared or harvested forest land ✓
4. D mining under forest canopy ✓

In rural Pakistan, forests are especially important as a source of

1. A household fuelwood and energy ✓
2. B crude oil ✓
3. C uranium ✓
4. D natural gas pipelines ✓

Forests help control floods mainly by

1. A increasing surface runoff speed ✓
2. B intercepting rainfall and improving infiltration ✓
3. C removing all ground vegetation ✓
4. D channelizing rivers into concrete ✓

The process by which forests remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store carbon in biomass is called

1. A desertification ✓
2. B eutrophication ✓
3. C carbon sequestration ✓
4. D nitrification ✓

Social forestry emphasizes

1. A only industrial pulp plantations ✓
2. B excluding local people from all forests ✓
3. C maximum clear-felling for export ✓
4. D tree growing to meet local needs with community participation ✓

Agroforestry is the practice of

1. A integrating trees with crops and/or livestock on the same land ✓
2. B growing only one agricultural crop ✓
3. C complete removal of trees from farms ✓
4. D urban high-rise construction ✓

A major cause of deforestation in Pakistan is

1. A excessive snowfall in plains ✓
2. B illegal cutting, overgrazing and agricultural expansion ✓
3. C too much rainfall everywhere ✓
4. D volcanic eruptions ✓

Protective forests are managed mainly for

1. A maximum annual timber harvest only ✓
2. B furniture exports only ✓
3. C pulp production only ✓
4. D environmental services such as soil and water conservation ✓

Productive forests are managed primarily to

1. A ban all human use forever ✓
2. B serve only as national parks ✓
3. C produce timber and other forest products sustainably ✓
4. D exclude all wildlife ✓

Multiple-use forestry means managing forests for

1. A only one product at a time ✓
2. B several goods and services simultaneously ✓
3. C mining under the canopy only ✓
4. D complete conversion to pasture ✓

Sustainable forest management aims to

1. A meet present needs without compromising future forest productivity ✓
2. B harvest all growing stock immediately ✓
3. C ignore regeneration ✓
4. D maximize short-term profit only ✓

Among provinces, the highest percentage of forest cover is generally reported for

1. A Balochistan ✓
2. B Sindh ✓
3. C Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ✓
4. D southern Punjab plains ✓

A shelterbelt or windbreak is mainly planted to

1. A increase desertification ✓
2. B replace all food crops ✓
3. C drain wetlands ✓
4. D reduce wind speed and protect crops/soil ✓

Linear plantations in Pakistan are commonly raised along

1. A roads, canals and railway lines ✓
2. B only mountain peaks above snowline ✓
3. C ocean trenches ✓
4. D desert dunes without water ✓

Changa Manga is famous as

1. A a natural alpine scrub ✓
2. B an irrigated forest plantation in Punjab ✓
3. C a mangrove reserve in Balochistan ✓
4. D a juniper forest of Ziarat ✓

The national tree of Pakistan is commonly cited as

1. A Eucalyptus camaldulensis ✓
2. B Acacia nilotica ✓
3. C Populus deltoides ✓
4. D Cedrus deodara (Deodar) ✓

Forest canopy refers to

1. A the root system only ✓
2. B soil humus layer only ✓
3. C the upper layer of tree crowns ✓
4. D forest boundary fencing ✓

A forest stand is

1. A a single isolated roadside tree ✓
2. B a community of trees sufficiently uniform to be managed as a unit ✓
3. C only dead fallen timber ✓
4. D a nursery seedbed ✓

Evergreen trees

1. A retain green leaves throughout the year ✓
2. B shed all leaves every winter necessarily ✓
3. C never produce seeds ✓
4. D grow only in deserts ✓

Hardwoods are generally obtained from

1. A conifers only ✓
2. B gymnosperms only ✓
3. C broad-leaved (mostly angiosperm) trees ✓
4. D mosses and lichens ✓

Softwoods are mainly derived from

1. A bamboo only ✓
2. B palm trees only ✓
3. C ferns ✓
4. D coniferous trees ✓

Rotation period in forestry is the

1. A planned age or time from establishment to final harvest of a crop ✓
2. B daily working hours of staff ✓
3. C time between two rainfall events ✓
4. D life span of a nursery polybag ✓

Growing stock of a forest means

1. A only seedlings in a nursery ✓
2. B the volume (or biomass) of living trees in the forest ✓
3. C annual rainfall total ✓
4. D number of forest guards ✓

Deforestation differs from forest degradation in that deforestation

1. A improves canopy density ✓
2. B only changes species composition slightly ✓
3. C involves conversion of forest to non-forest land use ✓
4. D always increases biodiversity ✓

Forests moderate local climate mainly by

1. A increasing albedo of bare soil only ✓
2. B emitting CFCs ✓
3. C stopping all photosynthesis ✓
4. D providing shade, transpiration cooling and wind reduction ✓

Biodiversity conservation is an important forest function because forests

1. A harbor a large share of terrestrial species and habitats ✓
2. B contain no animal life ✓
3. C prevent all evolution ✓
4. D eliminate genetic variation ✓

Farm forestry refers to

1. A only state-owned reserved forests ✓
2. B raising trees on farms for wood, fodder and other products ✓
3. C ocean aquaculture ✓
4. D underground coal mining ✓

Which statement about Pakistan's wood demand is widely reported in policy documents

1. A demand is far below sustainable supply ✓
2. B there is no fuelwood use ✓
3. C imports are banned forever ✓
4. D actual wood demand greatly exceeds sustainable domestic supply ✓

Ecosystem services of forests include

1. A only sawn timber sales ✓
2. B only charcoal export ✓
3. C provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural services ✓
4. D only mining royalties ✓

Soil erosion under forest cover is generally

1. A lower than on bare or overgrazed land ✓
2. B always higher than on bare land ✓
3. C unaffected by vegetation ✓
4. D caused only by earthquakes ✓

Urban forestry focuses on

1. A only remote Himalayan wilderness ✓
2. B management of trees and green spaces in and around cities ✓
3. C deep-sea fishing ✓
4. D desert oil exploration ✓

A plantation forest is typically

1. A an unmanaged primary rainforest ✓
2. B a naturally mixed old-growth stand only ✓
3. C a mangrove mudflat without planting ✓
4. D a stand established by planting or seeding for wood production ✓