Wildlife Conservation and Eco-tourism in Pakistan MCQs 2026

Indus river dolphin (bhulan) is notable as

1. A a freshwater dolphin endemic to the Indus system ✓
2. B an alpine goat ✓
3. C a desert fox ✓
4. D a chir pine pest ✓

Wildlife conservation aims to

1. A protect wild species and their habitats for present and future generations ✓
2. B maximize illegal hunting ✓
3. C convert all parks to housing only ✓
4. D eliminate all protected areas ✓

The national animal of Pakistan is

1. A the snow leopard only as national animal ✓
2. B the Indus dolphin as national animal ✓
3. C the Markhor (Capra falconeri) ✓
4. D the houbara as national animal ✓

Markhor is especially associated with

1. A Indus Delta mangroves only ✓
2. B mountainous regions of northern and western Pakistan ✓
3. C Cholistan sand dunes only ✓
4. D Karachi beaches only ✓

Himalayan ibex is a

1. A wild goat of high mountain habitats in northern Pakistan ✓
2. B mangrove crustacean ✓
3. C desert lizard only ✓
4. D riverain fish ✓

Snow leopard is an important

1. A coastal dolphin of Sindh only ✓
2. B plains antelope of Cholistan only ✓
3. C wetland crocodile of Punjab only ✓
4. D endangered big cat of high mountains of Pakistan ✓

A national park is primarily managed for

1. A protection of ecosystems and wildlife with regulated public use ✓
2. B unrestricted commercial clear-felling ✓
3. C permanent settlement agriculture inside core ✓
4. D open mining without EIA ✓

Khunjerab National Park is famous for

1. A high-altitude wildlife including Marco Polo sheep and related fauna ✓
2. B mangrove fisheries only ✓
3. C irrigated shisham timber only ✓
4. D urban sparrows only ✓

Kirthar National Park is located mainly in

1. A Gilgit-Baltistan only ✓
2. B Sindh ✓
3. C Murree hills only ✓
4. D Ziarat juniper only ✓

Hingol National Park is associated with

1. A only alpine Baltistan glaciers ✓
2. B Balochistan's coastal and scenic landscapes ✓
3. C only Punjab canal plantations ✓
4. D only KP moist temperate fir ✓

Ayubia National Park is known for

1. A true mangrove stands ✓
2. B Thar Desert dunes ✓
3. C Makran mud volcanoes only ✓
4. D moist temperate forest and wildlife near Murree-Galliyat ✓

Chitral Gol National Park is important for

1. A Indus Delta crocodiles only ✓
2. B markhor and mountain wildlife conservation ✓
3. C desert bustard only ✓
4. D marine turtles only ✓

Eco-tourism ideally

1. A maximizes habitat destruction for hotels ✓
2. B ignores local communities ✓
3. C supports conservation and local livelihoods with low environmental impact ✓
4. D promotes illegal trophy hunting without rules ✓

Trophy hunting programs for markhor in Pakistan have been used to

1. A guarantee species extinction ✓
2. B generate community incentives for conservation when well regulated ✓
3. C replace all national parks ✓
4. D ban all wildlife laws ✓

A wildlife sanctuary typically

1. A allows free commercial logging always ✓
2. B has no legal status ✓
3. C is identical to a plywood mill ✓
4. D protects wildlife with stricter limits on exploitation than ordinary forests ✓

Habitat fragmentation threatens wildlife by

1. A increasing continuous corridors always ✓
2. B improving gene flow automatically ✓
3. C creating larger core habitats ✓
4. D isolating populations and reducing viable habitat area ✓

Poaching and illegal trade harm conservation because they

1. A increase breeding rates always ✓
2. B fund only habitat restoration ✓
3. C directly reduce populations of targeted species ✓
4. D have no market effects ✓

The houbara bustard is a conservation concern related to

1. A mangrove crab fisheries only ✓
2. B hunting pressure and habitat issues in arid zones ✓
3. C alpine ibex disease only ✓
4. D nursery damping-off only ✓

Wetlands are critical for wildlife because they

1. A contain no bird life ✓
2. B are useless for eco-tourism ✓
3. C support migratory birds and aquatic biodiversity ✓
4. D never need protection ✓

Migratory birds along the Indus flyway depend on

1. A only alpine scree without water ✓
2. B a network of wetlands and stopover habitats ✓
3. C only urban concrete roofs ✓
4. D only desert salt without marshes ✓

Human-wildlife conflict in Pakistan often involves

1. A only pollination services ✓
2. B only ecotourism fees ✓
3. C crop raiding, livestock predation and retaliatory killing ✓
4. D only nursery sales ✓

Corridors between protected areas help by

1. A blocking all migration ✓
2. B increasing isolation ✓
3. C replacing the need for any parks ✓
4. D allowing animal movement and gene flow ✓

Community-based conservation succeeds when

1. A communities are fully excluded forever ✓
2. B all grazing is banned without alternatives always ✓
3. C locals share benefits and responsibilities for wildlife ✓
4. D tourism revenue never reaches villages ✓

Eco-tourism infrastructure should avoid

1. A all visitor education ✓
2. B all local employment ✓
3. C all trail signage for safety ✓
4. D damaging core habitats and disturbing sensitive species ✓

The snow leopard's prey base includes

1. A only mangrove fish ✓
2. B only house sparrows ✓
3. C wild ungulates such as ibex and related mountain herbivores ✓
4. D only termites ✓

CITES is relevant to wildlife trade because it

1. A promotes free trade in all ivory unchecked ✓
2. B bans all domestic tourism ✓
3. C replaces national forest policy ✓
4. D regulates international trade in endangered species ✓

A biosphere reserve concept emphasizes

1. A only mining in the core ✓
2. B no research allowed ✓
3. C identical rules to a city park only ✓
4. D core conservation with buffer and transition zones for sustainable use ✓

Marine turtles nesting on Pakistan's coast need

1. A protection of nesting beaches from disturbance and lights ✓
2. B clear-felling of alpine fir ✓
3. C chir pine needle raking only ✓
4. D markhor trophy quotas ✓

The Indus dolphin is threatened by

1. A excess alpine snowfall only ✓
2. B too many national parks ✓
3. C overabundance of fish forever ✓
4. D habitat fragmentation by barrages, pollution and reduced flows ✓

Wildlife inventories and camera trapping help to

1. A replace all habitat protection ✓
2. B estimate presence and relative abundance of species ✓
3. C guarantee zero poaching alone ✓
4. D measure only timber volume ✓

Feeding wild animals for tourist photos is generally

1. A discouraged because it alters behavior and can cause conflict ✓
2. B the best scientific management always ✓
3. C required by all park laws ✓
4. D harmless in every case ✓

Protected area categories differ mainly in

1. A having identical rules worldwide always ✓
2. B excluding all legal definitions ✓
3. C being only private farms ✓
4. D objectives and degree of allowed human use ✓

Vultures are ecologically important because they

1. A pollinate deodar exclusively ✓
2. B fix nitrogen in forest soil only ✓
3. C scavenge carcasses and help sanitation of landscapes ✓
4. D build check dams ✓

Illegal wildlife trade networks are fought through

1. A enforcement, intelligence and demand reduction ✓
2. B open markets without checks ✓
3. C removing all penalties ✓
4. D promoting rare pet fads ✓

Eco-tourism guides from local communities can

1. A replace the need for any park rules ✓
2. B improve visitor experience and create conservation jobs ✓
3. C increase poaching automatically ✓
4. D ban all education ✓

Carrying capacity in eco-tourism refers to

1. A maximum clear-fell volume ✓
2. B number of forest fires per year ✓
3. C only hotel star ratings ✓
4. D limits of visitors that avoid unacceptable ecological/social impact ✓

Reintroduction of species requires

1. A secure habitat, threat control and careful planning ✓
2. B release into degraded habitat with poaching ✓
3. C no monitoring after release ✓
4. D mixing unrelated invasive pests ✓

Pakistan's mountain ungulates are valued for

1. A only plywood manufacture ✓
2. B only resin tapping ✓
3. C only railway sleepers ✓
4. D biodiversity, eco-tourism and community conservation programs ✓

Wetland drainage for agriculture can

1. A always create national parks ✓
2. B increase migratory stopovers ✓
3. C destroy bird habitat and reduce biodiversity ✓
4. D improve dolphin habitat always ✓

A flagship species is used in conservation to

1. A replace all habitat work ✓
2. B attract support that also protects wider ecosystems ✓
3. C focus only on insects never vertebrates ✓
4. D ignore public interest ✓

Noise and litter from poorly managed tourism

1. A degrade visitor sites and harm wildlife ✓
2. B improve nesting success always ✓
3. C increase soil fertility usefully ✓
4. D have no park management relevance ✓

Transboundary conservation matters for Pakistan because

1. A many species and habitats span borders with neighbors ✓
2. B wildlife never crosses borders ✓
3. C parks exist only in one valley forever ✓
4. D rivers never leave the country ✓

The concept of endangered species means

1. A the species is overabundant everywhere ✓
2. B legal hunting is unlimited ✓
3. C the species faces a very high risk of extinction in the wild ✓
4. D habitat is universally secure ✓

Buffer zones around parks are intended to

1. A maximize illegal settlement in the core ✓
2. B reduce edge pressure and support compatible land uses ✓
3. C remove all community rights always ✓
4. D replace core protection entirely ✓

Wildlife laws in Pakistan provide for

1. A protection of species and regulation of hunting/trade ✓
2. B unrestricted export of all live animals ✓
3. C abolition of all parks ✓
4. D mandatory poisoning of predators ✓

Nature photography tourism can be sustainable when

1. A drones harass nesting birds freely ✓
2. B baiting predators is required ✓
3. C it follows codes that minimize disturbance ✓
4. D off-trail trampling is encouraged ✓

Ex-situ conservation includes

1. A zoos, breeding centers and seed/gene banks ✓
2. B only in-situ national parks ✓
3. C only uncontrolled hunting ✓
4. D only habitat destruction ✓

In-situ conservation means

1. A keeping only museum skins ✓
2. B storing DNA without habitats ✓
3. C protecting species in their natural habitats ✓
4. D raising only captive pets ✓

Eco-tourism revenue sharing with communities helps to

1. A encourage poaching for higher income ✓
2. B align local incentives with wildlife protection ✓
3. C privatize all park cores for mining ✓
4. D eliminate guide employment ✓

A major challenge for Pakistan's protected areas is

1. A excess unbroken wilderness with zero threats ✓
2. B funding, staffing, encroachment and illegal use pressures ✓
3. C too many rangers per hectare always ✓
4. D complete absence of human pressure ✓