Climate Change, Carbon Sequestration and International Conventions MCQs 2026

Carbon sequestration in forests means

1. Aemitting only methane from leaves✓
2. Bremoving CO2 from the atmosphere and storing carbon in biomass and soils✓
3. Cburning all slash to maximize CO2✓
4. Dmeasuring only rainfall✓

Above-ground biomass carbon is stored mainly in

1. Aonly stream water✓
2. Bstems, branches and foliage of trees✓
3. Conly bedrock granite✓
4. Donly asphalt roads✓

Deforestation contributes to climate change by

1. Aincreasing forest carbon stocks✓
2. Breleasing stored carbon and reducing future sequestration✓
3. Ccooling the planet always✓
4. Dcreating permanent ice ages✓

REDD+ stands for

1. ARandom Extraction of Desert Dunes✓
2. BRegional Export of Deodar Decks only✓
3. CRiver Engineering for Delta Drainage✓
4. DReducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (plus conservation, sustainable management and enhancement of stocks)✓

The Paris Agreement aims to

1. Alimit global warming through nationally determined contributions✓
2. Babolish all weather services✓
3. Cban all renewable energy✓
4. Dincrease coal use mandates worldwide✓

Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are

1. Aonly provincial nursery targets✓
2. Bcountry climate pledges under the Paris Agreement✓
3. Conly plywood export quotas✓
4. Donly markhor hunting fees✓

Pakistan is particularly climate-vulnerable due to

1. Acomplete absence of mountains✓
2. Bpermanent lack of rivers✓
3. Czero population exposure✓
4. Dglaciers, floods, heat, drought and water security risks✓

Afforestation and reforestation help mitigation by

1. Aincreasing carbon uptake in new tree biomass✓
2. Breleasing all soil carbon intentionally✓
3. Creplacing photosynthesis with respiration only✓
4. Dremoving all sinks✓

Forest degradation differs from deforestation in climate accounting because degradation

1. Aalways converts land to city✓
2. Bincreases canopy to 100%✓
3. Creduces carbon density while land may remain forest✓
4. Dhas no carbon effect✓

The Kyoto Protocol was an earlier climate treaty that

1. Acreated the Forest Act 1927✓
2. Bset binding emission targets for some developed countries in its first period✓
3. Cbanned all forests✓
4. Dinvented GIS✓

UNFCCC is

1. Aa plywood grading rule✓
2. Ba chir pine insect✓
3. Ca national park in Sindh✓
4. Dthe United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change✓

CBD refers to

1. ACarbon Board of Deodar✓
2. Bthe Convention on Biological Diversity✓
3. CCanal Bank Drainage✓
4. DChir Beetle Directive✓

CITES regulates

1. Adomestic fuelwood prices only✓
2. Bkiln temperatures only✓
3. Cinternational trade in endangered species✓
4. DNDVI satellite orbits only✓

Ramsar Convention concerns

1. Aonly alpine rock climbing✓
2. Bonly desert oil wells✓
3. Conly urban parking✓
4. Dwetlands of international importance✓

Adaptation in the forest sector includes

1. Amanaging for drought, fire, pests and watershed resilience under changing climate✓
2. Bignoring all climate risks✓
3. Cplanting only the most fire-prone fuels everywhere✓
4. Ddraining all wetlands✓

Mitigation in forestry focuses on

1. Areducing emissions and enhancing carbon sinks✓
2. Bonly building sea walls✓
3. Conly air conditioning offices✓
4. Donly cloud seeding✓

Permanence risk in forest carbon projects means

1. Acarbon is stored in diamonds forever automatically✓
2. Btrees never die✓
3. Csequestered carbon may be released later by fire, pests or clearing✓
4. Dsoil carbon cannot change✓

Leakage in REDD+ means

1. Awater leaking from canals only✓
2. Bresin leaking from blazes only✓
3. Cemissions reductions in one place cause increased emissions elsewhere✓
4. Ddata leaking from USB only✓

Additionality means

1. Abusiness-as-usual deforestation continuing unchanged✓
2. Bcounting already protected intact forests without change always as new✓
3. Cignoring baselines✓
4. Dcarbon benefits that would not have occurred without the project/policy✓

Soil organic carbon in forests is important because

1. Asoils store large carbon pools that can be lost with degradation✓
2. Bsoils never hold carbon✓
3. Conly leaves store carbon✓
4. Dbedrock stores all biomass carbon✓

Glacial melt impacts in northern Pakistan link climate change to

1. Amangrove salinity only in Gilgit✓
2. Bchir pine resin prices only✓
3. Cplywood glue chemistry only✓
4. Dwater timing, floods and long-term water security✓

Heatwaves and drought can increase

1. Amangrove tidal range overnight✓
2. Bforest fire risk and tree mortality✓
3. Csnow depth in Karachi permanently✓
4. Dreservoir dead storage usefully✓

Blue carbon refers especially to

1. Acarbon in alpine scree only✓
2. Bcarbon in desert pavement only✓
3. Ccarbon in urban steel only✓
4. Dcarbon stored in coastal ecosystems such as mangroves✓

Measuring forest carbon often uses

1. Aonly opinion polls✓
2. Bbiomass equations, inventories and remote sensing support✓
3. Conly hotel receipts✓
4. Donly trophy fees✓

Climate-smart forestry seeks to

1. Acombine mitigation, adaptation and sustainable production✓
2. Bmaximize emissions from slash burning✓
3. Cignore pests and fire✓
4. Dexclude communities✓

International climate finance for forests may support

1. Aonly illegal logging subsidies✓
2. Bonly coal expansion in forests✓
3. CREDD+, restoration and resilience projects✓
4. Donly wetland drainage✓

Pakistan's forests and tree planting contribute to NDCs by

1. Aincreasing deforestation targets✓
2. Bbanning all nurseries✓
3. Cenhancing sinks and supporting adaptation co-benefits✓
4. Dremoving mangroves✓

Albedo and biophysical effects mean that

1. Aonly CO2 molecules matter and nothing else✓
2. Btrees have no temperature effect✓
3. Cforests affect climate not only via carbon but also energy/water fluxes✓
4. Devapotranspiration never cools locally✓

Short-lived climate pollutants and forest fires link because

1. Afires only emit pure oxygen✓
2. Bsmoke cools the planet permanently always✓
3. Cfires sequester carbon instantly✓
4. Dfires emit CO2, black carbon and other pollutants✓

The role of intact primary forests in climate policy is

1. Aprotecting large irreversible carbon stocks and biodiversity✓
2. Bconverting them first for credits✓
3. Cignoring their carbon✓
4. Dreplacing them with parking lots✓

Community forestry can support climate goals when

1. Alocal incentives keep trees growing and reduce degradation✓
2. Bcommunities are paid to clear forests✓
3. Ctenure is completely insecure✓
4. Dfire is unmanaged on purpose✓

Ocean acidification is mainly a climate-ocean issue, while forests help climate by

1. Aincreasing ocean pH directly overnight✓
2. Breplacing the need for any energy transition alone✓
3. Cterrestrial carbon sequestration and related services✓
4. Dstopping all volcanic CO2✓

National Forest Monitoring Systems support

1. Ahiding illegal clearings✓
2. Btransparent tracking of forest area and carbon change✓
3. Cabolishing maps✓
4. Dguessing without plots✓

Adaptation co-benefits of watershed forests include

1. Aincreased desertification✓
2. Bhigher peak silt without trees✓
3. Closs of all springs always✓
4. Dflood moderation, erosion control and water regulation✓

The Montreal Protocol is primarily about

1. Aozone-depleting substances, not forest carbon accounting✓
2. BREDD+ results-based payments✓
3. CRamsar wetland lists✓
4. DForest Act reservations✓

Carbon markets for forests require

1. Arobust baselines, MRV, permanence and social safeguards✓
2. Bno measurement at all✓
3. Cforced relocation without rules✓
4. Ddouble counting without registries✓

Tree planting on inappropriate sites can fail climate goals if

1. Aevery seedling always becomes old-growth overnight✓
2. Bfailure is impossible✓
3. Cnative grasslands never matter✓
4. Dsurvival is poor or ecosystems are harmed✓

Climate education and awareness help forestry programs by

1. Aincreasing arson intentionally✓
2. Breducing nursery demand✓
3. Cbuilding public support for protection and greening✓
4. Dabolishing science✓

International Day / campaigns for forests raise

1. Atimber prices automatically✓
2. Bglacier volume overnight✓
3. Cpolitical and public attention to forest-climate links✓
4. DNDVI of the moon✓

Integrating climate into forest working plans means

1. Aignoring all future climate risk✓
2. Baddressing fire, pests, species choice and carbon in management✓
3. Cbanning all inventories✓
4. Dremoving watershed objectives✓