Landmark Cases and Constitutional Developments MCQs 2026

The basic structure doctrine has been debated in Pakistan in cases involving

1. A constitutional amendments and judicial independence (e.g., Judges cases) ✓
2. B only rent control statutes ✓
3. C only partnership disputes ✓
4. D only stamp duty ✓

State v Dosso (1958) is associated with

1. A establishment of the 1973 Constitution ✓
2. B validation of revolutionary legality under Kelsen's theory after the 1958 coup ✓
3. C Asma Jilani overruling martial law ✓
4. D 18th Amendment judicial commission ✓

Asma Jilani v Government of the Punjab (1972) held that

1. A martial law is always permanently valid ✓
2. B 1958 coup was the final legal order ✓
3. C Constitution of 1962 remained in force unchanged ✓
4. D Dosso was wrongly decided and Yahya Khan's regime was unlawful ✓

Begum Nusrat Bhutto v Chief of Army Staff (1977) is known for

1. A overruling all martial law forever ✓
2. B drafting the 1956 Constitution ✓
3. C creating Article 175A ✓
4. D temporary validation of martial law and suspension of fundamental rights after the 1977 coup ✓

Zafar Ali Shah v Pervez Musharraf (2000) dealt with

1. A Juvenile justice reform only ✓
2. B Hudood repeal entirely ✓
3. C NAB abolition ✓
4. D validation of the 1999 military takeover and Legal Framework Order with power to amend the Constitution ✓

Al-Jehad Trust v Federation of Pakistan (1996) is known as

1. A Dosso case on revolution ✓
2. B Asma Jilani on martial law ✓
3. C the First Judges Case on appointment of superior court judges ✓
4. D 18th Amendment on provincial autonomy only ✓

Malik Asad Ali v Federation (1998) is referred to as

1. A First Judges Case ✓
2. B the Second Judges Case expanding the Chief Justice's role in appointments ✓
3. C Dosso case ✓
4. D Zafar Ali Shah case on LFO ✓

Sindh High Court Bar Association v Federation (2009) represents

1. A validation of 1958 martial law only ✓
2. B Hudood enactment review ✓
3. C the Third Judges Case after the 18th Amendment altering judicial appointments via Article 175A ✓
4. D NAB creation challenge only ✓

The Constitution of 1956 declared Pakistan a

1. A Islamic Republic with parliamentary system ✓
2. B presidential republic under Ayub only ✓
3. C unitary state without provinces ✓
4. D monarchy ✓

The Constitution of 1962 was promulgated during the era of

1. A Quaid-e-Azam 1947 ✓
2. B President Ayub Khan ✓
3. C Z.A. Bhutto 1973 only ✓
4. D General Musharraf 1999 only ✓

The Constitution of 1973 was passed during the government of

1. A General Zia in 1979 ✓
2. B General Ayub in 1958 ✓
3. C Zulfikar Ali Bhutto ✓
4. D General Musharraf in 1999 ✓

The 18th Amendment (2010) significantly enhanced

1. A federal monopoly over all minerals always ✓
2. B abolition of all provinces ✓
3. C military courts for all civil cases ✓
4. D provincial autonomy and removed concurrent legislative list features ✓

Article 175A introduced by the 18th Amendment relates to

1. A appointment of judges to the superior judiciary through a Judicial Commission ✓
2. B juvenile courts only ✓
3. C NAB chairman selection only ✓
4. D election commission exclusively ✓

The Objectives Resolution was made a substantive part of the Constitution by

1. A 18th Amendment only ✓
2. B 1956 Constitution originally in same form ✓
3. C 1973 Constitution at inception without later change ✓
4. D the 8th Amendment during General Zia's era ✓

Asma Jilani is significant because it

1. A upheld unlimited martial law permanently ✓
2. B created NAB ✓
3. C abolished Supreme Court ✓
4. D rejected the doctrine that successful revolution automatically creates legal order (overruling Dosso) ✓

Dosso applied Hans Kelsen's theory that a successful revolution

1. A never affects law ✓
2. B creates a new legal order rendering prior constitution inoperative ✓
3. C automatically restores 1973 Constitution ✓
4. D requires UN approval only ✓

Nusrat Bhutto (1977) permitted detention without remedy when

1. A peace time normalcy existed ✓
2. B Constitution was fully operative without suspension ✓
3. C no military government existed ✓
4. D martial law and emergency were in force subject to Court's framework ✓

Zafar Ali Shah (2000) allowed General Musharraf to

1. A dissolve all courts permanently ✓
2. B amend the Constitution through the Legal Framework Order subject to judicial review limits ✓
3. C abolish Parliament forever without review ✓
4. D ignore all fundamental rights without qualification ✓

The First Judges Case emphasized

1. A exclusive presidential appointment without consultation ✓
2. B appointment by NAB ✓
3. C meaningful consultation with the Chief Justice in judicial appointments ✓
4. D appointment by district bar only ✓

The Third Judges Case addressed tension between

1. A parliamentary 18th Amendment reforms and judicial independence in appointments ✓
2. B Hudood and PPC only ✓
3. C juvenile age only ✓
4. D narcotics schedules only ✓

Pakistan's first constitution was adopted in

1. A 1947 immediately at independence ✓
2. B 1962 under Ayub ✓
3. C 1973 under Bhutto ✓
4. D 1956 ✓

Ayub Khan abrogated the 1956 Constitution in

1. A 1971 ✓
2. B 1958 ✓
3. C 1999 ✓
4. D 2010 ✓

The 1973 Constitution came into force on

1. A 23 March 1956 ✓
2. B 14 August 1973 ✓
3. C 1 March 1962 ✓
4. D 12 October 1999 ✓

Fundamental rights in Pakistan are primarily enumerated in

1. A Schedule of Hudood Ordinances only ✓
2. B NAB Ordinance only ✓
3. C Chapter 1 of Part II of the Constitution of 1973 ✓
4. D Contract Act First Schedule ✓

The 18th Amendment changed the procedure for appointment of the Chief Election Commissioner to require

1. A sole appointment by President without consultation ✓
2. B appointment by military courts ✓
3. C parliamentary involvement through constitutional mechanism ✓
4. D appointment by district magistrate ✓

Article 184(3) of the Constitution empowers the Supreme Court with

1. A original jurisdiction in matters of public importance relating to fundamental rights ✓
2. B appellate jurisdiction only in all cases ✓
3. C no jurisdiction over fundamental rights ✓
4. D exclusive juvenile jurisdiction ✓

The doctrine of necessity was invoked in cases such as

1. A Asma Jilani rejecting martial law entirely without nuance ✓
2. B Nusrat Bhutto and Zafar Ali Shah to validate extra-constitutional actions ✓
3. C Dosso only on agricultural tax ✓
4. D Juvenile Justice Act only ✓

Asma Jilani was decided by the

1. A Supreme Court of Pakistan under Chief Justice Hamoodur Rahman ✓
2. B Federal Shariat Court only ✓
3. C Lahore High Court only in final appeal ✓
4. D District Court Rawalpindi ✓

The Legal Framework Order (LFO) related to

1. A 1956 Islamic provisions only ✓
2. B constitutional amendments and governance structure under Musharraf after 1999 ✓
3. C juvenile diversion standards ✓
4. D CNSA narcotics schedules ✓

The 18th Amendment deleted the

1. A entire provincial legislative lists ✓
2. B Concurrent Legislative List, expanding exclusive provincial domains ✓
3. C Fundamental Rights chapter ✓
4. D Supreme Court entirely ✓

Pakistan's constitution declares the state religion as

1. A no state religion ✓
2. B Hinduism ✓
3. C Buddhism ✓
4. D Islam ✓

The Federal Shariat Court was established under

1. A 1956 Constitution only ✓
2. B 18th Amendment exclusively ✓
3. C General Zia's Islamization reforms (Constitution of 1973 Article 203 etc.) ✓
4. D NAB Ordinance ✓

Benazir Bhutto's government (1988–90) followed the period of

1. A Ayub's 1962 constitution drafting only ✓
2. B Dosso litigation only ✓
3. C General Zia's rule and preceded repeated constitutional-political transitions ✓
4. D JJSA enactment only ✓

The 8th Amendment (1985) strengthened

1. A presidential powers under General Zia's constitutional scheme ✓
2. B provincial autonomy exclusively as in 18th Amendment ✓
3. C abolition of Islam as state religion ✓
4. D juvenile courts exclusively ✓

Article 58(2)(b) (now repealed) allowed the President to

1. A appoint High Court judges exclusively ✓
2. B conduct narcotics trials ✓
3. C dissolve the National Assembly on discretionary grounds ✓
4. D issue Hudood sentences ✓

The 13th Amendment removed

1. A Fundamental Rights chapter ✓
2. B Article 58(2)(b) dissolution power of the President ✓
3. C Provincial legislative lists ✓
4. D Supreme Court original jurisdiction ✓

The 17th Amendment (2003) was associated with

1. A constitutional changes under Musharraf including LFO-related provisions ✓
2. B 1956 constitution adoption ✓
3. C Asma Jilani ruling only ✓
4. D Hudood 1979 only ✓

Miss Asma Jilani's petition challenged detention under

1. A NAB reference only ✓
2. B martial law regime of Yahya Khan ✓
3. C juvenile court order only ✓
4. D family court custody only ✓

The 1973 Constitution establishes Pakistan as

1. A a unitary monarchy ✓
2. B a federal Islamic republic with parliamentary democracy ✓
3. C a confederation without provinces ✓
4. D a presidential system without legislature ✓

Fundamental rights may be suspended during

1. A no circumstances ever ✓
2. B police discretion without proclamation ✓
3. C a validly proclaimed emergency in accordance with the Constitution ✓
4. D municipal bylaws only ✓

The Supreme Court in Sindh High Court Bar (2009) ultimately

1. A struck down the entire 18th Amendment ✓
2. B abolished all high courts ✓
3. C upheld the 18th Amendment appointment mechanism with adjustments preserving judicial primacy ✓
4. D validated only Hudood laws ✓

Constitution of 1962 provided for

1. A presidential form of government with Basic Democracies system ✓
2. B pure parliamentary system identical to 1973 ✓
3. C confederal tribal system only ✓
4. D no written constitution ✓

Constitution of 1956 could not be fully implemented for long because

1. A it was never written ✓
2. B Supreme Court rejected it in Dosso immediately in 1956 ✓
3. C 18th Amendment repealed it in 2010 ✓
4. D it was abrogated in 1958 following martial law ✓

Article 199 of the Constitution provides

1. A High Court writ jurisdiction for enforcement of fundamental rights and lawful authority ✓
2. B Supreme Court original jurisdiction only ✓
3. C NAB chairman appointment ✓
4. D juvenile diversion exclusively ✓

The 18th Amendment increased provincial share in the

1. A National Finance Commission award framework ✓
2. B Supreme Court bench strength only ✓
3. C Hudood punishments only ✓
4. D ATA schedules only ✓

Pakistan's independence and initial governance in 1947 operated under

1. A the 1973 Constitution immediately ✓
2. B the 1962 Constitution ✓
3. C the Government of India Act 1935 as adapted until the 1956 Constitution ✓
4. D the LFO 2002 ✓

The principle of trichotomy of powers in the 1973 Constitution divides authority among

1. A legislature, executive and judiciary ✓
2. B only military and civil courts ✓
3. C only federal and local councils without provinces ✓
4. D only Shariat Court and tribal jirga ✓

A landmark significance of the Judges cases collectively is

1. A evolution of judicial appointment process from executive dominance toward commission-based shared responsibility ✓
2. B abolition of Supreme Court ✓
3. C exclusive military appointments ✓
4. D removal of all fundamental rights ✓

The Liaquat-Nehru Pact and early constitutional development preceded

1. A the 18th Amendment only ✓
2. B Zafar Ali Shah case only ✓
3. C JJSA 2018 enactment ✓
4. D the 1956 Constitution in Pakistan's constitutional history ✓

The Minerva Mills principle (Indian jurisprudence) analogously informs debates on

1. A Hudood hadd proof standards only ✓
2. B juvenile diversion only ✓
3. C narcotics schedules only ✓
4. D limits to constitutional amendment affecting basic structure and judicial review ✓