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Memory, Thinking and Problem Solving MCQs 2026

44 questions with detailed answers · 0 from past papers · 5 quiz batches available

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Read each question, think about the answer, then click Show Answer to reveal the correct option and explanation. Load 10 at a time so it stays manageable — perfect for one-topic study sessions on the bus or during a break.

Page 1 of 1 Questions 1–10 of 44
  1. Q1 medium

    Functional fixedness is difficulty in using an object

    1. A During sleep
    2. B After rehearsal
    3. C Only for its usual function
    4. D Without perception
    💡 Explanation:

    Functional fixedness limits problem solving by restricting objects to familiar uses.

  2. Q2 easy

    Memory is commonly defined as the process of encoding, storing and

    1. A Retrieving information
    2. B Punishing behavior
    3. C Increasing motivation
    4. D Changing genes
    💡 Explanation:

    Memory includes encoding information, storing it over time and retrieving it when needed.

  3. Q3 easy

    The first stage in the information-processing model of memory is

    1. A Long-term memory
    2. B Sensory memory
    3. C Semantic memory
    4. D Procedural memory
    💡 Explanation:

    Information first enters sensory memory briefly before attention moves some of it to working memory.

  4. Q4 easy

    Iconic memory refers to brief memory for

    1. A Sounds
    2. B Smells
    3. C Touch
    4. D Visual information
    💡 Explanation:

    Iconic memory is the short-lived sensory store for visual impressions.

  5. Q5 easy

    Echoic memory refers to brief memory for

    1. A Taste
    2. B Sound
    3. C Color
    4. D Movement
    💡 Explanation:

    Echoic memory preserves auditory information briefly after the sound ends.

  6. Q6 medium

    Short-term memory capacity is often summarized as about

    1. A 7 plus or minus 2 items
    2. B 2 items exactly
    3. C 50 items
    4. D Unlimited items
    💡 Explanation:

    Miller described short-term memory capacity as about seven items, plus or minus two.

  7. Q7 hard

    The central executive is part of

    1. A Classical conditioning
    2. B Psychoanalysis
    3. C Working memory
    4. D Sensory adaptation
    💡 Explanation:

    Baddeley's working memory model includes a central executive that directs attention and coordination.

  8. Q8 easy

    Memory for personal life events is called

    1. A Procedural memory
    2. B Semantic memory
    3. C Episodic memory
    4. D Iconic memory
    💡 Explanation:

    Episodic memory stores personally experienced events tied to time and place.

  9. Q9 easy

    Memory for facts and general knowledge is

    1. A Semantic memory
    2. B Episodic memory
    3. C Procedural memory
    4. D Echoic memory
    💡 Explanation:

    Semantic memory contains concepts, meanings and factual knowledge not tied to a single event.

  10. Q10 medium

    Explicit memory is also called

    1. A Declarative memory
    2. B Implicit memory
    3. C Procedural memory
    4. D Sensory memory
    💡 Explanation:

    Explicit or declarative memory involves conscious recall of facts and events.

  11. Q11 medium

    The primacy effect refers to better recall of

    1. A Middle items
    2. B Last items only
    3. C First items
    4. D Random items
    💡 Explanation:

    The primacy effect is superior recall for early list items, often due to rehearsal.

  12. Q12 medium

    The recency effect refers to better recall of

    1. A First items only
    2. B Last items
    3. C Oldest memories
    4. D Unrehearsed items
    💡 Explanation:

    The recency effect is better recall for items presented at the end of a list.

  13. Q13 medium

    The forgetting curve shows that forgetting is usually most rapid

    1. A Soon after learning
    2. B After many years only
    3. C Before learning
    4. D Only during sleep
    💡 Explanation:

    Ebbinghaus found that forgetting is steep soon after learning and then slows.

  14. Q14 hard

    The misinformation effect shows that memory can be distorted by

    1. A Post-event information
    2. B Physical exercise only
    3. C Perfect rehearsal
    4. D Genetic reflexes
    💡 Explanation:

    Later misleading information can alter a person's memory of an event.

  15. Q15 medium

    Elizabeth Loftus is best known for research on

    1. A False memory and eyewitness testimony
    2. B Operant conditioning
    3. C Sleep stages
    4. D Trait anxiety
    💡 Explanation:

    Loftus demonstrated how suggestion and misinformation can distort eyewitness memory.

  16. Q16 easy

    A concept is best described as a

    1. A Mental category
    2. B Motor reflex
    3. C Brain hormone
    4. D Punishment schedule
    💡 Explanation:

    Concepts group objects, events or ideas with shared features.

  17. Q17 medium

    An algorithm is a problem-solving method that

    1. A Guarantees a solution if applied correctly
    2. B Depends only on emotion
    3. C Ignores all rules
    4. D Uses random guessing
    💡 Explanation:

    An algorithm is a systematic step-by-step procedure that guarantees a correct solution when applicable.

  18. Q18 medium

    The availability heuristic bases judgments on information that is

    1. A Most easily brought to mind
    2. B Mathematically impossible
    3. C Always unconscious
    4. D Never remembered
    💡 Explanation:

    Events that are vivid or recent are easier to recall and may be judged as more common.

  19. Q19 medium

    Anterograde amnesia is difficulty forming

    1. A New memories
    2. B Old reflexes
    3. C Visual sensations
    4. D Social norms
    💡 Explanation:

    Anterograde amnesia impairs the formation of new long-term memories after the onset of damage.

  20. Q20 easy

    Grouping information into meaningful units is called

    1. A Decay
    2. B Priming
    3. C Fixation
    4. D Chunking
    💡 Explanation:

    Chunking increases effective memory capacity by organizing items into larger meaningful units.

  21. Q21 medium

    Working memory is best described as a system for

    1. A Permanent storage only
    2. B Unconscious conflict
    3. C Reflex action only
    4. D Active processing of information
    💡 Explanation:

    Working memory temporarily holds and manipulates information for current tasks.

  22. Q22 easy

    Long-term memory is characterized by

    1. A No retrieval process
    2. B Exact seven-item capacity
    3. C Only visual storage
    4. D Large capacity and long duration
    💡 Explanation:

    Long-term memory can store vast amounts of information for long periods.

  23. Q23 easy

    Memory for skills such as riding a bicycle is

    1. A Episodic memory
    2. B Flashbulb memory
    3. C Iconic memory
    4. D Procedural memory
    💡 Explanation:

    Procedural memory stores learned skills and habits, often without conscious verbal recall.

  24. Q24 medium

    Implicit memory is shown when past experience affects behavior

    1. A Only after hypnosis
    2. B Without conscious recall
    3. C Only in dreams
    4. D With no learning
    💡 Explanation:

    Implicit memory influences performance without requiring deliberate conscious recollection.

  25. Q25 medium

    The hippocampus is especially important for forming new

    1. A Motor reflexes only
    2. B Spinal reflexes
    3. C Declarative memories
    4. D Visual pigments
    💡 Explanation:

    The hippocampus helps consolidate new explicit memories for facts and events.

  26. Q26 medium

    The amygdala is especially involved in memory for

    1. A Emotional events
    2. B Neutral arithmetic only
    3. C Motor reflexes only
    4. D Color names only
    💡 Explanation:

    The amygdala modulates memory for emotionally significant experiences, especially fear-related ones.

  27. Q27 hard

    The process by which short-term memories become stable long-term memories is

    1. A Retrieval cueing
    2. B Consolidation
    3. C Encoding failure
    4. D Interference
    💡 Explanation:

    Consolidation stabilizes memory traces after initial encoding.

  28. Q28 medium

    Ebbinghaus is best known for studying

    1. A Child attachment
    2. B Group conformity
    3. C Operant chambers
    4. D Forgetting curves
    💡 Explanation:

    Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables to measure retention and forgetting over time.

  29. Q29 medium

    Proactive interference occurs when old learning

    1. A Helps new learning only
    2. B Removes all cues
    3. C Occurs after recall
    4. D Interferes with new learning
    💡 Explanation:

    Proactive interference means earlier information disrupts learning or recall of newer information.

  30. Q30 easy

    Retrieval cues help memory by

    1. A Increasing punishment
    2. B Changing IQ
    3. C Providing reminders linked to stored information
    4. D Blocking recognition
    💡 Explanation:

    Retrieval cues aid recall by activating associations connected to the target memory.

  31. Q31 medium

    A flashbulb memory is a vivid memory for

    1. A A routine classroom rule
    2. B A motor habit
    3. C An emotionally significant event
    4. D A sensory receptor
    💡 Explanation:

    Flashbulb memories are vivid recollections of surprising or emotionally important events.

  32. Q32 medium

    A schema is a mental framework used to

    1. A Measure neurons
    2. B Organize knowledge
    3. C Punish behavior
    4. D Prevent perception
    💡 Explanation:

    Schemas organize prior knowledge and guide interpretation of new information.

  33. Q33 medium

    A prototype is the

    1. A Last item in a list
    2. B Smallest neuron
    3. C Weakest memory trace
    4. D Best example of a category
    💡 Explanation:

    A prototype is the most typical or representative example of a concept.

  34. Q34 medium

    A heuristic is a problem-solving strategy that is usually

    1. A Always exact
    2. B Quick but not guaranteed
    3. C Purely biological
    4. D Unrelated to thinking
    💡 Explanation:

    Heuristics are mental shortcuts that are efficient but may lead to errors.

  35. Q35 medium

    A mental set is a tendency to solve problems

    1. A Only by trial and error
    2. B By using past successful strategies
    3. C Without memory
    4. D Through reflexes only
    💡 Explanation:

    A mental set can help or hinder problem solving by applying previously used methods.

  36. Q36 medium

    Confirmation bias is the tendency to seek evidence that

    1. A Disproves all beliefs
    2. B Is always statistical
    3. C Confirms existing beliefs
    4. D Has no relevance
    💡 Explanation:

    Confirmation bias leads people to favor information that supports what they already believe.

  37. Q37 medium

    Divergent thinking is most related to

    1. A Simple recall only
    2. B Creativity
    3. C Muscle reflex
    4. D Sensory adaptation
    💡 Explanation:

    Divergent thinking generates multiple possible solutions and is central to creativity.

  38. Q38 medium

    Metacognition means

    1. A Conditioning a reflex
    2. B Thinking about one's own thinking
    3. C Measuring skull shape
    4. D Avoiding all memory
    💡 Explanation:

    Metacognition is awareness and regulation of one's cognitive processes.

  39. Q39 medium

    Elaborative rehearsal improves memory by

    1. A Repeating sounds mechanically
    2. B Linking new material with meaning
    3. C Preventing encoding
    4. D Removing all cues
    💡 Explanation:

    Elaboration strengthens memory by connecting new information to existing knowledge.

  40. Q40 easy

    Maintenance rehearsal mainly involves

    1. A Preventing encoding
    2. B Sudden insight
    3. C Repeated practice without deep meaning
    4. D Social modeling
    💡 Explanation:

    Maintenance rehearsal keeps information active through repetition but is less deep than elaboration.

  41. Q41 medium

    Retrograde amnesia involves loss of

    1. A Future plans only
    2. B All sensory input
    3. C Memories from before the injury
    4. D Motor strength only
    💡 Explanation:

    Retrograde amnesia affects memories formed before the brain injury or illness.

  42. Q42 easy

    Mnemonics improve memory mainly by

    1. A Adding punishment
    2. B Preventing rehearsal
    3. C Organizing information into memorable cues
    4. D Erasing old memories
    💡 Explanation:

    Mnemonic devices create meaningful cues or structures that make retrieval easier.

  43. Q43 hard

    The method of loci is a mnemonic based on

    1. A Hormone levels
    2. B Operant punishment
    3. C Random guessing
    4. D Spatial imagery
    💡 Explanation:

    The method of loci links information to imagined locations in a familiar spatial route.

  44. Q44 hard

    A source-monitoring error occurs when a person confuses

    1. A The number of neurons
    2. B The score on a test
    3. C The origin of a memory
    4. D The speed of a reflex
    💡 Explanation:

    Source-monitoring errors involve misattributing where a remembered detail came from.

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