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Memory, Thinking and Problem Solving MCQs 2026

44 questions with detailed answers · 0 from past papers · 5 quiz batches available

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Read each question, think about the answer, then click Show Answer to reveal the correct option and explanation. Load 10 at a time so it stays manageable — perfect for one-topic study sessions on the bus or during a break.

Page 1 of 1 Questions 1–10 of 44
  1. Q1 medium

    Short-term memory capacity is often summarized as about

    1. A 7 plus or minus 2 items
    2. B 2 items exactly
    3. C 50 items
    4. D Unlimited items
    💡 Explanation:

    Miller described short-term memory capacity as about seven items, plus or minus two.

  2. Q2 medium

    Anterograde amnesia is difficulty forming

    1. A New memories
    2. B Old reflexes
    3. C Visual sensations
    4. D Social norms
    💡 Explanation:

    Anterograde amnesia impairs the formation of new long-term memories after the onset of damage.

  3. Q3 medium

    Functional fixedness is difficulty in using an object

    1. A During sleep
    2. B After rehearsal
    3. C Only for its usual function
    4. D Without perception
    💡 Explanation:

    Functional fixedness limits problem solving by restricting objects to familiar uses.

  4. Q4 medium

    Metacognition means

    1. A Conditioning a reflex
    2. B Thinking about one's own thinking
    3. C Measuring skull shape
    4. D Avoiding all memory
    💡 Explanation:

    Metacognition is awareness and regulation of one's cognitive processes.

  5. Q5 medium

    Elaborative rehearsal improves memory by

    1. A Repeating sounds mechanically
    2. B Linking new material with meaning
    3. C Preventing encoding
    4. D Removing all cues
    💡 Explanation:

    Elaboration strengthens memory by connecting new information to existing knowledge.

  6. Q6 easy

    Maintenance rehearsal mainly involves

    1. A Preventing encoding
    2. B Sudden insight
    3. C Repeated practice without deep meaning
    4. D Social modeling
    💡 Explanation:

    Maintenance rehearsal keeps information active through repetition but is less deep than elaboration.

  7. Q7 medium

    Retrograde amnesia involves loss of

    1. A Future plans only
    2. B All sensory input
    3. C Memories from before the injury
    4. D Motor strength only
    💡 Explanation:

    Retrograde amnesia affects memories formed before the brain injury or illness.

  8. Q8 easy

    Mnemonics improve memory mainly by

    1. A Adding punishment
    2. B Preventing rehearsal
    3. C Organizing information into memorable cues
    4. D Erasing old memories
    💡 Explanation:

    Mnemonic devices create meaningful cues or structures that make retrieval easier.

  9. Q9 hard

    The method of loci is a mnemonic based on

    1. A Hormone levels
    2. B Operant punishment
    3. C Random guessing
    4. D Spatial imagery
    💡 Explanation:

    The method of loci links information to imagined locations in a familiar spatial route.

  10. Q10 medium

    Divergent thinking is most related to

    1. A Simple recall only
    2. B Creativity
    3. C Muscle reflex
    4. D Sensory adaptation
    💡 Explanation:

    Divergent thinking generates multiple possible solutions and is central to creativity.

  11. Q11 medium

    Confirmation bias is the tendency to seek evidence that

    1. A Disproves all beliefs
    2. B Is always statistical
    3. C Confirms existing beliefs
    4. D Has no relevance
    💡 Explanation:

    Confirmation bias leads people to favor information that supports what they already believe.

  12. Q12 medium

    A mental set is a tendency to solve problems

    1. A Only by trial and error
    2. B By using past successful strategies
    3. C Without memory
    4. D Through reflexes only
    💡 Explanation:

    A mental set can help or hinder problem solving by applying previously used methods.

  13. Q13 medium

    The availability heuristic bases judgments on information that is

    1. A Most easily brought to mind
    2. B Mathematically impossible
    3. C Always unconscious
    4. D Never remembered
    💡 Explanation:

    Events that are vivid or recent are easier to recall and may be judged as more common.

  14. Q14 easy

    Memory is commonly defined as the process of encoding, storing and

    1. A Retrieving information
    2. B Punishing behavior
    3. C Increasing motivation
    4. D Changing genes
    💡 Explanation:

    Memory includes encoding information, storing it over time and retrieving it when needed.

  15. Q15 easy

    The first stage in the information-processing model of memory is

    1. A Long-term memory
    2. B Sensory memory
    3. C Semantic memory
    4. D Procedural memory
    💡 Explanation:

    Information first enters sensory memory briefly before attention moves some of it to working memory.

  16. Q16 easy

    Iconic memory refers to brief memory for

    1. A Sounds
    2. B Smells
    3. C Touch
    4. D Visual information
    💡 Explanation:

    Iconic memory is the short-lived sensory store for visual impressions.

  17. Q17 easy

    Echoic memory refers to brief memory for

    1. A Taste
    2. B Sound
    3. C Color
    4. D Movement
    💡 Explanation:

    Echoic memory preserves auditory information briefly after the sound ends.

  18. Q18 medium

    Explicit memory is also called

    1. A Declarative memory
    2. B Implicit memory
    3. C Procedural memory
    4. D Sensory memory
    💡 Explanation:

    Explicit or declarative memory involves conscious recall of facts and events.

  19. Q19 medium

    The primacy effect refers to better recall of

    1. A Middle items
    2. B Last items only
    3. C First items
    4. D Random items
    💡 Explanation:

    The primacy effect is superior recall for early list items, often due to rehearsal.

  20. Q20 medium

    The recency effect refers to better recall of

    1. A First items only
    2. B Last items
    3. C Oldest memories
    4. D Unrehearsed items
    💡 Explanation:

    The recency effect is better recall for items presented at the end of a list.

  21. Q21 medium

    The forgetting curve shows that forgetting is usually most rapid

    1. A Soon after learning
    2. B After many years only
    3. C Before learning
    4. D Only during sleep
    💡 Explanation:

    Ebbinghaus found that forgetting is steep soon after learning and then slows.

  22. Q22 hard

    The misinformation effect shows that memory can be distorted by

    1. A Post-event information
    2. B Physical exercise only
    3. C Perfect rehearsal
    4. D Genetic reflexes
    💡 Explanation:

    Later misleading information can alter a person's memory of an event.

  23. Q23 medium

    Elizabeth Loftus is best known for research on

    1. A False memory and eyewitness testimony
    2. B Operant conditioning
    3. C Sleep stages
    4. D Trait anxiety
    💡 Explanation:

    Loftus demonstrated how suggestion and misinformation can distort eyewitness memory.

  24. Q24 easy

    A concept is best described as a

    1. A Mental category
    2. B Motor reflex
    3. C Brain hormone
    4. D Punishment schedule
    💡 Explanation:

    Concepts group objects, events or ideas with shared features.

  25. Q25 medium

    An algorithm is a problem-solving method that

    1. A Guarantees a solution if applied correctly
    2. B Depends only on emotion
    3. C Ignores all rules
    4. D Uses random guessing
    💡 Explanation:

    An algorithm is a systematic step-by-step procedure that guarantees a correct solution when applicable.

  26. Q26 medium

    A heuristic is a problem-solving strategy that is usually

    1. A Always exact
    2. B Quick but not guaranteed
    3. C Purely biological
    4. D Unrelated to thinking
    💡 Explanation:

    Heuristics are mental shortcuts that are efficient but may lead to errors.

  27. Q27 medium

    A prototype is the

    1. A Last item in a list
    2. B Smallest neuron
    3. C Weakest memory trace
    4. D Best example of a category
    💡 Explanation:

    A prototype is the most typical or representative example of a concept.

  28. Q28 easy

    Grouping information into meaningful units is called

    1. A Decay
    2. B Priming
    3. C Fixation
    4. D Chunking
    💡 Explanation:

    Chunking increases effective memory capacity by organizing items into larger meaningful units.

  29. Q29 medium

    Working memory is best described as a system for

    1. A Permanent storage only
    2. B Unconscious conflict
    3. C Reflex action only
    4. D Active processing of information
    💡 Explanation:

    Working memory temporarily holds and manipulates information for current tasks.

  30. Q30 easy

    Long-term memory is characterized by

    1. A No retrieval process
    2. B Exact seven-item capacity
    3. C Only visual storage
    4. D Large capacity and long duration
    💡 Explanation:

    Long-term memory can store vast amounts of information for long periods.

  31. Q31 easy

    Memory for skills such as riding a bicycle is

    1. A Episodic memory
    2. B Flashbulb memory
    3. C Iconic memory
    4. D Procedural memory
    💡 Explanation:

    Procedural memory stores learned skills and habits, often without conscious verbal recall.

  32. Q32 medium

    Implicit memory is shown when past experience affects behavior

    1. A Only after hypnosis
    2. B Without conscious recall
    3. C Only in dreams
    4. D With no learning
    💡 Explanation:

    Implicit memory influences performance without requiring deliberate conscious recollection.

  33. Q33 medium

    The hippocampus is especially important for forming new

    1. A Motor reflexes only
    2. B Spinal reflexes
    3. C Declarative memories
    4. D Visual pigments
    💡 Explanation:

    The hippocampus helps consolidate new explicit memories for facts and events.

  34. Q34 medium

    The amygdala is especially involved in memory for

    1. A Emotional events
    2. B Neutral arithmetic only
    3. C Motor reflexes only
    4. D Color names only
    💡 Explanation:

    The amygdala modulates memory for emotionally significant experiences, especially fear-related ones.

  35. Q35 hard

    The process by which short-term memories become stable long-term memories is

    1. A Retrieval cueing
    2. B Consolidation
    3. C Encoding failure
    4. D Interference
    💡 Explanation:

    Consolidation stabilizes memory traces after initial encoding.

  36. Q36 medium

    Ebbinghaus is best known for studying

    1. A Child attachment
    2. B Group conformity
    3. C Operant chambers
    4. D Forgetting curves
    💡 Explanation:

    Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables to measure retention and forgetting over time.

  37. Q37 medium

    Proactive interference occurs when old learning

    1. A Helps new learning only
    2. B Removes all cues
    3. C Occurs after recall
    4. D Interferes with new learning
    💡 Explanation:

    Proactive interference means earlier information disrupts learning or recall of newer information.

  38. Q38 medium

    A schema is a mental framework used to

    1. A Measure neurons
    2. B Organize knowledge
    3. C Punish behavior
    4. D Prevent perception
    💡 Explanation:

    Schemas organize prior knowledge and guide interpretation of new information.

  39. Q39 easy

    Retrieval cues help memory by

    1. A Increasing punishment
    2. B Changing IQ
    3. C Providing reminders linked to stored information
    4. D Blocking recognition
    💡 Explanation:

    Retrieval cues aid recall by activating associations connected to the target memory.

  40. Q40 medium

    A flashbulb memory is a vivid memory for

    1. A A routine classroom rule
    2. B A motor habit
    3. C An emotionally significant event
    4. D A sensory receptor
    💡 Explanation:

    Flashbulb memories are vivid recollections of surprising or emotionally important events.

  41. Q41 hard

    The central executive is part of

    1. A Classical conditioning
    2. B Psychoanalysis
    3. C Working memory
    4. D Sensory adaptation
    💡 Explanation:

    Baddeley's working memory model includes a central executive that directs attention and coordination.

  42. Q42 easy

    Memory for personal life events is called

    1. A Procedural memory
    2. B Semantic memory
    3. C Episodic memory
    4. D Iconic memory
    💡 Explanation:

    Episodic memory stores personally experienced events tied to time and place.

  43. Q43 easy

    Memory for facts and general knowledge is

    1. A Semantic memory
    2. B Episodic memory
    3. C Procedural memory
    4. D Echoic memory
    💡 Explanation:

    Semantic memory contains concepts, meanings and factual knowledge not tied to a single event.

  44. Q44 hard

    A source-monitoring error occurs when a person confuses

    1. A The number of neurons
    2. B The score on a test
    3. C The origin of a memory
    4. D The speed of a reflex
    💡 Explanation:

    Source-monitoring errors involve misattributing where a remembered detail came from.

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