Motivation and Emotion MCQs 2026

Frustration occurs when goal-directed behavior is

1. A Reinforced ✓
2. B Blocked ✓
3. C Forgotten ✓
4. D Measured ✓

Motivation refers to processes that initiate, direct and sustain

1. A Sensory adaptation ✓
2. B Behavior toward goals ✓
3. C Reflex arcs ✓
4. D Dream content ✓

Homeostasis means the body's tendency to maintain

1. A Social approval ✓
2. B Dream symbols ✓
3. C Muscle fatigue ✓
4. D Internal balance ✓

Drive-reduction theory is most closely associated with

1. A Clark Hull ✓
2. B Abraham Maslow ✓
3. C Carl Rogers ✓
4. D Howard Gardner ✓

Hunger and thirst are examples of

1. A Social motives ✓
2. B Achievement motives ✓
3. C Biogenic motives ✓
4. D Aesthetic motives ✓

Achievement motivation is strongly linked with the work of

1. A Ivan Pavlov ✓
2. B David McClelland ✓
3. C Max Wertheimer ✓
4. D Hermann Ebbinghaus ✓

Maslow placed physiological needs at the

1. A Base of the hierarchy ✓
2. B Top of self-actualization ✓
3. C Middle of esteem ✓
4. D End of belongingness ✓

Self-actualization in Maslow's theory means

1. A Reducing only hunger ✓
2. B Avoiding all emotion ✓
3. C Gaining reflex control ✓
4. D Realizing one's potential ✓

An incentive is best described as

1. A A sensory receptor ✓
2. B A memory trace ✓
3. C An external pull toward behavior ✓
4. D A genetic code ✓

Intrinsic motivation means doing an activity for

1. A Its own satisfaction ✓
2. B External reward only ✓
3. C Fear of punishment ✓
4. D Biological reflex ✓

Extrinsic motivation depends mainly on

1. A Internal curiosity only ✓
2. B Sensory thresholds ✓
3. C Unconscious archetypes ✓
4. D External rewards or pressures ✓

The Yerkes-Dodson law relates performance to

1. A Dream recall ✓
2. B Level of arousal ✓
3. C Brain weight ✓
4. D Birth order ✓

According to the James-Lange theory, emotion follows

1. A Cognitive labeling only ✓
2. B Social comparison ✓
3. C Physiological arousal ✓
4. D Operant reward ✓

The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that emotion and bodily arousal occur

1. A Simultaneously ✓
2. B Only after reward ✓
3. C Only during sleep ✓
4. D After repression ✓

The Schachter-Singer theory is also called the

1. A Drive theory ✓
2. B Two-factor theory ✓
3. C Opponent-process theory ✓
4. D Instinct theory ✓

Lazarus emphasized the role of cognitive appraisal in

1. A Reflex fatigue ✓
2. B Dream censorship ✓
3. C Fixed instincts ✓
4. D Emotion ✓

The sympathetic nervous system is most active during

1. A Fight-or-flight responses ✓
2. B Deep relaxation only ✓
3. C Memory consolidation only ✓
4. D Visual accommodation ✓

The parasympathetic nervous system mainly supports

1. A Aggressive attack only ✓
2. B Sudden panic only ✓
3. C Rest-and-digest activity ✓
4. D Operant learning ✓

The amygdala is especially important in processing

1. A Mathematical syntax ✓
2. B Fear and emotional salience ✓
3. C Language grammar only ✓
4. D Visual acuity ✓

The hypothalamus is important in motivation because it helps regulate

1. A Visual illusions only ✓
2. B Long-term memory only ✓
3. C Basic drives and homeostasis ✓
4. D Moral reasoning only ✓

Leptin is a hormone involved in

1. A Hearing ✓
2. B Pain reflexes only ✓
3. C Sleep dreaming only ✓
4. D Satiety and body-weight regulation ✓

Ghrelin is commonly associated with

1. A Increasing hunger ✓
2. B Reducing hearing ✓
3. C Blocking memory ✓
4. D Controlling pupil color ✓

The facial feedback hypothesis states that facial expressions can

1. A Create intelligence ✓
2. B Influence emotional experience ✓
3. C Erase memory ✓
4. D Prevent learning ✓

Paul Ekman is known for research on

1. A Basic facial expressions ✓
2. B Operant chambers ✓
3. C Intelligence quotients ✓
4. D Dream symbols ✓

The need for affiliation refers to motivation to

1. A Avoid all groups ✓
2. B Increase hunger ✓
3. C Suppress emotion ✓
4. D Form social bonds ✓

Approach-avoidance conflict occurs when a goal has

1. A Only rewards ✓
2. B No emotional value ✓
3. C Both attractive and unattractive features ✓
4. D Only biological drives ✓

The frustration-aggression hypothesis links aggression to

1. A High intelligence ✓
2. B Sensory adaptation ✓
3. C Positive transfer ✓
4. D Blocked goal-directed behavior ✓

Self-determination theory emphasizes autonomy, competence and

1. A Relatedness ✓
2. B Punishment ✓
3. C Reflexes ✓
4. D Projection ✓

Arousal theory suggests people are motivated to maintain

1. A Zero activity ✓
2. B Maximum hunger ✓
3. C An optimal arousal level ✓
4. D No emotion ✓

Instinct theories explain motivation as behavior based on

1. A Learned rewards only ✓
2. B Innate patterns ✓
3. C Cultural symbols only ✓
4. D Conscious planning only ✓

A social motive is best represented by

1. A Need for achievement ✓
2. B Blood glucose level ✓
3. C Pupil reflex ✓
4. D Hunger pangs ✓

Emotion has cognitive, physiological and

1. A Chromosomal components only ✓
2. B Statistical components ✓
3. C Auditory components only ✓
4. D Behavioral components ✓

Polygraph tests mainly record

1. A True memories directly ✓
2. B Moral guilt directly ✓
3. C Physiological arousal ✓
4. D Intelligence level ✓

The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions is associated with

1. A Sigmund Freud ✓
2. B Barbara Fredrickson ✓
3. C Ivan Pavlov ✓
4. D Francis Galton ✓

Achievement motivation has often been assessed using stories from the

1. A Rorschach test only ✓
2. B Thematic Apperception Test ✓
3. C MMPI ✓
4. D WAIS ✓

Set-point theory is often applied to

1. A Visual acuity ✓
2. B Language grammar ✓
3. C Body weight regulation ✓
4. D Dream symbolism ✓

A drive is best described as

1. A A fixed IQ score ✓
2. B Aroused tension from a need ✓
3. C A visual illusion ✓
4. D A personality test ✓

A need is a state of

1. A Biological or psychological deficiency ✓
2. B Perfect satisfaction ✓
3. C Statistical error ✓
4. D Sensory adaptation ✓

Emotion differs from mood because emotion is usually

1. A Always unconscious ✓
2. B Never physiological ✓
3. C Only cognitive ✓
4. D More specific and shorter-lived ✓

Flow is a state of deep involvement in an activity, described by

1. A Abraham Maslow ✓
2. B John Watson ✓
3. C Edward Thorndike ✓
4. D Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi ✓

Display rules refer to cultural rules for

1. A Calculating IQ ✓
2. B Expressing emotions ✓
3. C Encoding memory ✓
4. D Measuring reflexes ✓

A balanced view of motivation considers biological, psychological and

1. A Astronomical signs ✓
2. B Skull bumps ✓
3. C Social influences ✓
4. D Color blindness ✓

Primary emotions are generally considered

1. A Only learned in school ✓
2. B Always unconscious ✓
3. C Purely verbal ✓
4. D Basic and biologically rooted ✓

Fear conditioning most directly involves the

1. A Cerebellum only ✓
2. B Amygdala ✓
3. C Retina ✓
4. D Broca area ✓

Cognitive appraisal theories argue that emotion depends on

1. A Interpretation of events ✓
2. B Only heart rate ✓
3. C Only facial muscles ✓
4. D Random reflexes ✓

A student studying because the subject is enjoyable shows

1. A Negative punishment ✓
2. B Intrinsic motivation ✓
3. C Homeostasis ✓
4. D Drive reduction only ✓

A person working hard mainly for salary is showing

1. A Extrinsic motivation ✓
2. B Intrinsic motivation ✓
3. C Latent learning ✓
4. D Sensory adaptation ✓

Opponent-process theory explains emotion as involving

1. A Initial reaction and opposite after-reaction ✓
2. B Only unconscious conflict ✓
3. C Only reinforcement ✓
4. D No physiology ✓

Secondary emotions are more dependent on

1. A Spinal reflexes only ✓
2. B Retinal cells ✓
3. C Cognition and social learning ✓
4. D Simple hunger ✓

In emotion research, skin conductance is a measure of

1. A Semantic memory ✓
2. B Visual depth ✓
3. C Moral judgment ✓
4. D Autonomic arousal ✓