Mechatronics and Control Engineering MCQs 2026

Mechatronics integrates

1. A only civil surveying ✓
2. B mechanical, electrical, electronic and computer engineering ✓
3. C only textile weaving ✓
4. D only agricultural botany only ✓

Closed-loop control system uses

1. A no measurement of output ever ✓
2. B feedback to compare output with reference and correct error ✓
3. C only open feedforward without sensing ✓
4. D only manual lever without sensors ✓

Open-loop control system

1. A does not use output feedback for correction ✓
2. B always has PID controller ✓
3. C requires encoder always ✓
4. D cannot have actuators ✓

Transfer function relates

1. A only DC resistance ✓
2. B only gear ratio in mechanical only without dynamics ✓
3. C Laplace transform of output to input with zero initial conditions ✓
4. D only colour temperature ✓

Proportional (P) controller action depends on

1. A only integral of past errors ✓
2. B only future predicted error ✓
3. C only supply voltage ripple ✓
4. D present error magnitude ✓

Integral (I) controller eliminates

1. A all oscillations instantly always ✓
2. B need for sensors ✓
3. C actuator power ✓
4. D steady-state error for step inputs in many systems ✓

Derivative (D) controller responds to

1. A only constant error magnitude ✓
2. B only ambient humidity ✓
3. C rate of change of error ✓
4. D only gear tooth count ✓

PID controller combines

1. A only on-off bang-bang only ✓
2. B only feedforward model only ✓
3. C proportional, integral and derivative actions ✓
4. D only mechanical spring only ✓

Stability of linear system requires poles of closed-loop transfer function to have

1. A negative real parts (left half s-plane) ✓
2. B positive real parts ✓
3. C only imaginary parts on jω axis always ✓
4. D infinite magnitude ✓

IoT in industrial mechatronics enables

1. A connected sensors and remote monitoring of machines ✓
2. B only isolated manual machines without data ✓
3. C only paper logbooks exclusively ✓
4. D only mechanical abacus ✓

Routh-Hurwitz criterion determines

1. A only steady-state error value ✓
2. B only sensor calibration ✓
3. C only motor colour ✓
4. D stability without finding roots explicitly ✓

Root locus shows

1. A closed-loop pole locations as gain varies ✓
2. B only Bode magnitude at one frequency ✓
3. C only stepper motor steps ✓
4. D only hydraulic viscosity ✓

Bode plot displays

1. A magnitude and phase versus frequency ✓
2. B only time response step ✓
3. C only spatial coordinates ✓
4. D only temperature versus time only ✓

Gain margin is

1. A time delay in seconds only ✓
2. B motor weight only ✓
3. C amount gain can increase before instability ✓
4. D number of PLC rungs only ✓

Phase margin is

1. A only DC offset error ✓
2. B only supply current inrush ✓
3. C additional phase lag before instability at gain crossover ✓
4. D only mechanical backlash only ✓

Stepper motor moves in

1. A discrete angular steps per pulse ✓
2. B continuous smooth rotation only without pulses ✓
3. C only hydraulic linear motion ✓
4. D only pneumatic vibration ✓

Servo motor system typically includes

1. A motor, feedback encoder and closed-loop control ✓
2. B only manual crank ✓
3. C only relay timer without feedback ✓
4. D only spring return ✓

DC servo motor speed control varies

1. A only paint colour on housing ✓
2. B only gear material colour ✓
3. C only bearing grease brand only ✓
4. D armature voltage or field flux ✓

Brushless DC motor uses

1. A mechanical brushes and commutator always ✓
2. B electronic commutation from rotor position feedback ✓
3. C only steam pressure ✓
4. D only hydraulic oil flow ✓

Encoder provides

1. A only temperature of room ✓
2. B position or velocity feedback as digital or analog signal ✓
3. C only chemical pH always ✓
4. D only acoustic music ✓

Resolver is

1. A rotary transformer for angular position sensing ✓
2. B a type of hydraulic valve only ✓
3. C a casting defect ✓
4. D a welding electrode ✓

LVDT measures

1. A linear displacement ✓
2. B rotational speed only ✓
3. C acoustic frequency only ✓
4. D humidity only ✓

Strain gauge operates on

1. A change in colour when heated only ✓
2. B magnetic levitation only ✓
3. C ultrasonic reflection only ✓
4. D change in resistance when conductor is strained ✓

Thermocouple generates voltage based on

1. A piezoelectric pressure only ✓
2. B Hall effect only ✓
3. C Seebeck effect at junction of dissimilar metals ✓
4. D photoelectric effect only ✓

RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) commonly uses

1. A water column ✓
2. B rubber band ✓
3. C wood stick ✓
4. D platinum element ✓

Proximity sensor inductive type detects

1. A only transparent glass always without special setup ✓
2. B only wood at long range always ✓
3. C only gases ✓
4. D metallic objects without contact ✓

H-bridge circuit drives

1. A only AC induction motor without inverter ✓
2. B reversible DC motor direction ✓
3. C only stepper in half-step only without bridge ✓
4. D only solenoid valve pneumatic ✓

State-space model uses

1. A only static algebraic one equation ✓
2. B only empirical colour chart ✓
3. C only Rockwell hardness ✓
4. D state variables and first-order differential equations ✓

Capacitive proximity sensor can detect

1. A only ferrous metals exclusively ✓
2. B both metallic and non-metallic materials ✓
3. C only vacuum ✓
4. D only X-rays ✓

Photoelectric sensor modes include

1. A only ultrasonic pulse-echo only ✓
2. B only strain gauge bridge only ✓
3. C through-beam, retro-reflective and diffuse ✓
4. D only thermocouple cold junction only ✓

PLC stands for

1. A Pneumatic Linear Compressor ✓
2. B Programmable Logic Controller ✓
3. C Phase Locked Circuit only ✓
4. D Portable Lift Crane ✓

PLC scan cycle order typically is

1. A input scan, program execution, output update ✓
2. B output before input always ✓
3. C random order each scan ✓
4. D only manual relay wiring ✓

Ladder logic resembles

1. A only C++ object classes only ✓
2. B only SQL database queries ✓
3. C relay logic diagrams ✓
4. D only HTML web pages ✓

SCADA system provides

1. A only hand sketching of circuits ✓
2. B supervisory control and data acquisition over large facilities ✓
3. C only single thermostat ✓
4. D only mechanical pencil ✓

HMI in automation is

1. A Hydraulic Motor Inverter only ✓
2. B High Melting Iron ✓
3. C Helical Mesh Index ✓
4. D Human-Machine Interface for operator interaction ✓

CAN bus is used in automotive mechatronics for

1. A only hydraulic pressure storage ✓
2. B only steam generation ✓
3. C only sand casting moulding ✓
4. D robust multi-node serial communication ✓

PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) controls average power by

1. A keeping duty cycle fixed always at 0% ✓
2. B only changing carrier colour ✓
3. C varying duty cycle of switching waveform ✓
4. D only using DC without switching ✓

Hydraulic actuator in mechatronics offers

1. A zero force always ✓
2. B high force density in compact size ✓
3. C only works in vacuum ✓
4. D cannot be controlled ✓

MEMS sensors in mechatronics are

1. A micro-scale integrated mechanical sensors ✓
2. B only macro hydraulic accumulators ✓
3. C only boiler safety valves ✓
4. D only lathe bed casting ✓

Vibration isolation mount reduces

1. A all structural stiffness to zero destructively always ✓
2. B transmission of vibration to sensitive equipment ✓
3. C electrical voltage to zero ✓
4. D need for any sensors ✓

Compliance in mechanical transmission

1. A increases loop gain always beneficially ✓
2. B removes all vibration ✓
3. C equals infinite rigidity ✓
4. D acts like spring reducing stiffness and bandwidth ✓

Backlash in gear trains causes

1. A infinite precision improvement ✓
2. B dead zone and reduced positioning accuracy ✓
3. C higher feedback bandwidth always ✓
4. D elimination of friction ✓

Resolution of digital position sensor affects

1. A only motor winding resistance ✓
2. B only oil viscosity ✓
3. C smallest detectable position increment ✓
4. D only room lighting ✓

Controllability means

1. A states can be driven to desired values by inputs ✓
2. B output is always zero ✓
3. C system is always unstable ✓
4. D no actuators needed ✓

On-off (bang-bang) control drives actuator

1. A between two limits based on error sign ✓
2. B with infinitely smooth analog signal always ✓
3. C without any hysteresis ever ✓
4. D only in open loop without sensor ✓

Dead time (transport lag) in process control

1. A improves stability always ✓
2. B eliminates need for feedback ✓
3. C delays response and makes control more difficult ✓
4. D equals zero always in real plants ✓

Cascaded control uses

1. A only one single P controller always ✓
2. B inner fast loop and outer slow loop ✓
3. C no sensors inner loop ✓
4. D only manual open loop ✓

Feedforward control uses

1. A only feedback after error occurs exclusively ✓
2. B no model of system ever ✓
3. C only random noise injection ✓
4. D measured disturbance to preemptively correct output ✓

Adaptive control adjusts

1. A controller parameters online as plant changes ✓
2. B only fixed gains forever ✓
3. C only mechanical drawings ✓
4. D only inventory ABC class ✓

Observability means

1. A inputs are unknown always ✓
2. B states can be determined from output measurements ✓
3. C no sensors exist ✓
4. D model has no outputs ✓

Ziegler-Nichols tuning provides

1. A initial PID gains from step response or ultimate gain test ✓
2. B gear tooth profile ✓
3. C casting riser size ✓
4. D boiler blowdown rate only ✓

Fuzzy logic control is useful when

1. A only linear SISO with exact model always better only PID ✓
2. B no sensors available ever ✓
3. C system is nonlinear and expert rules describe behaviour ✓
4. D only pure mathematics without linguistics ✓

Solid-state relay (SSR) uses

1. A mechanical armature always ✓
2. B hydraulic pilot always ✓
3. C semiconductor switching without moving contacts ✓
4. D steam chest slide valve ✓

Lead compensator improves

1. A only steady-state error without integral always alone ✓
2. B only mechanical backlash ✓
3. C phase margin and transient response speed ✓
4. D only sensor cable length only ✓

Relay output on PLC is suitable for

1. A switching moderate AC/DC loads like contactors ✓
2. B only microamp sensor signals directly always without interface ✓
3. C only fibre optics long haul ✓
4. D only gamma radiation detection ✓

Solenoid valve is

1. A only optical sensor ✓
2. B only mechanical governor for steam turbine only ✓
3. C electromagnetically actuated fluid control valve ✓
4. D only lathe tailstock ✓

Pneumatic actuator is preferred when

1. A multi-megawatt power generation ✓
2. B fast lightweight motion at moderate force is needed ✓
3. C nuclear fusion containment ✓
4. D permanent high vacuum sealing always ✓

Lag compensator typically improves

1. A only instability deliberately ✓
2. B steady-state accuracy or reduces high-frequency noise sensitivity ✓
3. C only motor inertia to zero ✓
4. D only removes all feedback ✓

Sampling theorem (Nyquist) requires sampling frequency at least

1. A half the highest frequency ✓
2. B twice the highest frequency component ✓
3. C equal to DC only ✓
4. D zero Hz ✓

Aliasing in digital control occurs when

1. A oversampling is used ✓
2. B anti-alias filter is perfect always ✓
3. C ADC has infinite bits ✓
4. D signal is undersampled distorting frequency content ✓

DAC converts

1. A digital signal to analog voltage or current ✓
2. B only mechanical torque to heat ✓
3. C only light to sound ✓
4. D only pressure to mass ✓

ADC converts

1. A only digital to analog always ✓
2. B only mechanical gear ratio ✓
3. C analog signal to digital values ✓
4. D only hydraulic flow to colour ✓

Microcontroller differs from microprocessor by integrating

1. A only mechanical gears ✓
2. B CPU, memory and peripherals on one chip ✓
3. C only hydraulic pistons ✓
4. D only boiler tubes ✓

Arduino platform is popular for

1. A only nuclear reactor design licensing ✓
2. B only bridge pier foundation only ✓
3. C only textile dye chemistry only ✓
4. D rapid prototyping of embedded mechatronics projects ✓

ROS in robotics stands for

1. A Rotary Oil Seal ✓
2. B Rapid Oscillation Spring ✓
3. C Relay Output Switch only ✓
4. D Robot Operating System (middleware framework) ✓

Inverse kinematics in robotics computes

1. A battery voltage only ✓
2. B motor paint colour ✓
3. C gear casting alloy only ✓
4. D joint angles for desired end-effector pose ✓

Grounding and earthing proper practice reduces

1. A noise and shock hazard in electrical systems ✓
2. B signal quality always negatively ✓
3. C need for insulation ✓
4. D safety compliance ✓

Forward kinematics computes

1. A only joint torques from temperature ✓
2. B end-effector pose from joint variables ✓
3. C only hydraulic hose length retail price ✓
4. D only PLC serial number ✓

EMI shielding in mechatronics prevents

1. A all useful communication always ✓
2. B only mechanical lubrication ✓
3. C electromagnetic interference affecting signals ✓
4. D only casting shrinkage ✓

Watchdog timer in embedded system

1. A increases hang duration deliberately ✓
2. B only measures weight of enclosure ✓
3. C only logs sales data ✓
4. D resets system if software hangs ✓