Qanun-e-Shahadat Order 1984: Relevancy and Admissibility MCQs 2026

An admission of fact does not by itself prove

1. A any evidentiary value ever ✓
2. B legal conclusion if law requires independent proof of certain elements ✓
3. C estoppel in any context ✓
4. D binding effect on party ✓

Facts of which the Court must take judicial notice are listed in

1. A Article 112 QSO ✓
2. B Article 30 ✓
3. C Article 73 ✓
4. D Article 117 ✓

Under Article 112, the Court must take judicial notice of

1. A private diary entries ✓
2. B every hearsay rumour ✓
3. C unverified social media posts always ✓
4. D laws in force in Pakistan and other matters specified ✓

In civil cases, evidence of character to prove conduct is generally irrelevant under

1. A Article 67 ✓
2. B Article 66 QSO ✓
3. C Article 37 ✓
4. D Article 73 ✓

In criminal cases, good character of accused is relevant under

1. A Article 66 ✓
2. B Article 38 ✓
3. C Article 67 QSO ✓
4. D Article 112 only ✓

Previous bad character of accused is generally not relevant except

1. A when character is itself in issue or rebuttal as provided in Article 68 ✓
2. B in every theft case automatically ✓
3. C whenever prosecution wishes ✓
4. D in all civil suits ✓

The hearsay rule means

1. A all documents are inadmissible ✓
2. B witnesses need not appear ✓
3. C oral evidence must be direct and hearsay statements are inadmissible except where law permits ✓
4. D expert opinion is always hearsay ✓

Article 71 QSO requires oral evidence to be

1. A always second-hand from another person ✓
2. B only through interpreters without appearance ✓
3. C direct—witness who perceived fact by senses or otherwise competent circumstance ✓
4. D only written without oral testimony ✓

Res gestae statements may be relevant under

1. A Article 66 always ✓
2. B Article 85 only ✓
3. C Article 136 only ✓
4. D Article 19 QSO as statements forming part of same transaction ✓

Article 49 QSO makes relevant

1. A all casual conversations ✓
2. B pure gossip ✓
3. C statements after transaction ended without link ✓
4. D entries in public records made in performance of official duty ✓

Previous judgments may be relevant under Article 57 QSO

1. A for specific purposes such as when existence of judgment is fact in issue or relevant ✓
2. B as proof of truth of everything decided always without limit ✓
3. C never under any circumstance ✓
4. D only in criminal cases exclusively ✓

Expert opinion is relevant under

1. A Article 59 QSO when court must form opinion upon point of foreign law, science, art, or identity of handwriting ✓
2. B Article 17 admissions only ✓
3. C Article 35 confessions ✓
4. D Article 46 judicial notice only ✓

Opinion on handwriting may be given by

1. A any passerby without knowledge ✓
2. B person acquainted with handwriting or expert under Article 59 ✓
3. C only accused ✓
4. D only police officer in all cases ✓

Article 36 QSO deals with admissions in civil cases when

1. A always admissible regardless of without prejudice talks ✓
2. B made with express or implied condition that evidence of it should not be given ✓
3. C only in criminal cases ✓
4. D only for public documents ✓

Statements against proprietary or pecuniary interest are relevant under

1. A Article 66 ✓
2. B Article 73 ✓
3. C Article 136 ✓
4. D Article 46(3) QSO among statements by unavailable persons ✓

Article 39 QSO excludes confession by accused while in custody of police

1. A making all confessions admissible ✓
2. B admitting confessions to any citizen ✓
3. C excluding all statements completely always ✓
4. D except to extent permitted by Article 40 regarding discovery of fact ✓

Admissions in answer to interrogatories in civil suits are covered under

1. A Article 38 ✓
2. B Article 112 ✓
3. C Article 85 ✓
4. D Article 31 QSO read with civil procedure rules on admissions ✓

Admissions by agents in certain cases are relevant under

1. A never relevant ✓
2. B only in criminal trials exclusively ✓
3. C Article 31 QSO subject to authority and matter scope ✓
4. D only if written in foreign language alone ✓

Statements made by persons who cannot be called as witnesses include situations under

1. A Article 30 only ✓
2. B Article 71 only ✓
3. C Article 136 only ✓
4. D Article 46 besides dying declarations ✓

Article 40 QSO allows limited proof of information from accused when

1. A never any discovery relevant ✓
2. B always full confession admissible ✓
3. C only in civil suits ✓
4. D leading to discovery of fact as provided in the Article ✓

Relevancy of entries in books of account is under

1. A Article 66 character rule ✓
2. B Article 38 police confession ✓
3. C Article 136 leading questions ✓
4. D Article 48 QSO when kept in course of business ✓

Public records relevancy for official entries is addressed under

1. A Article 37 confessions only ✓
2. B Article 49 QSO read with Articles 85–89 on proof ✓
3. C Article 68 bad character always ✓
4. D Article 30 only ✓

Facts showing motive, preparation or conduct are relevant under

1. A Article 66 only ✓
2. B Article 73 only ✓
3. C Article 117 burden only ✓
4. D Article 21 QSO ✓

Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts are admissible under

1. A Article 46 only ✓
2. B Article 35 ✓
3. C Article 7 QSO ✓
4. D Article 140 ✓

Things said or done in conspiracy are relevant under

1. A Article 66 ✓
2. B Article 46 dying declaration only ✓
3. C Article 85 public document only ✓
4. D Article 23 QSO when common intention is proved ✓

When existence of any right or custom is in issue, facts showing it are relevant under

1. A Article 26 QSO ✓
2. B Article 30 admissions only ✓
3. C Article 38 ✓
4. D Article 136 ✓

Facts showing state of mind or feeling are relevant under

1. A Article 66 in all civil conduct cases ✓
2. B Article 73 primary evidence rule ✓
3. C Article 27 QSO ✓
4. D Article 112 judicial notice list only ✓

Existence of course of business when relevant is covered under

1. A Article 29 QSO to support inference act was done in ordinary course ✓
2. B never in criminal cases ✓
3. C Article 68 bad character rule exclusively ✓
4. D Article 71 hearsay rule only ✓

Inadmissible evidence under QSO should be

1. A always admitted if interesting ✓
2. B automatically proof of truth ✓
3. C only excluded in appeals ✓
4. D excluded when objection taken; court evaluates permitted proof only ✓

Relevant fact under Article 2(d) is

1. A fact connected with fact in issue as prescribed in QSO ✓
2. B any fact lawyer mentions ✓
3. C only facts in foreign law always ✓
4. D only documentary facts ✓

Oral admissions as to contents of documents are restricted under

1. A Article 30 without limit ✓
2. B Article 35 QSO—document rule of best evidence ✓
3. C Article 112 ✓
4. D Article 136 ✓

Electronic record relevancy/admissibility is recognized under

1. A not recognized at all in Pakistan ✓
2. B only in civil cases never criminal ✓
3. C Article 2 read with Article 73 and Electronic Transactions Ordinance ✓
4. D only through dying declaration ✓

Admissions cannot be proved by

1. A direct statement of party ✓
2. B hearsay upon hearsay unless exception applies ✓
3. C document signed by party ✓
4. D agent within authority ✓

Confession affecting co-accused may be considered under

1. A Article 43 QSO with great caution and corroboration ✓
2. B automatic conviction of co-accused ✓
3. C no judicial scrutiny ✓
4. D only in civil cases ✓

Character evidence in civil defamation where character is in issue follows

1. A Article 66 bars all character proof always ✓
2. B Article 38 governs ✓
3. C exceptions to Article 66 general exclusion ✓
4. D Article 112 list only ✓

Relevancy of judgments in civil cases for estoppel may interact with

1. A CPC section 11 res judicata and QSO Article 54–57 limits ✓
2. B PPC section 302 only ✓
3. C Order XXI execution only ✓
4. D Article 136 leading questions only ✓

Article 32 QSO makes admissions by persons whose estate is in question relevant when

1. A after interest ends always without exception ✓
2. B statements are made during continuance of interest ✓
3. C only in police station ✓
4. D only if written on stamp paper always ✓

Article 43 QSO addresses when confession may be proved against maker and

1. A co-accused/parties as provided with safeguards ✓
2. B against anyone without trial ✓
3. C only in civil suits for divorce ✓
4. D never against maker ✓

Article 45 QSO provides that admissions are

1. A not conclusive proof but may operate as estoppel ✓
2. B always conclusive ✓
3. C never relevant ✓
4. D only oral never documentary ✓

Article 48 QSO on books of account requires entries to be

1. A only if attested by two witnesses always ✓
2. B only police records ✓
3. C kept in regular course of business to be relevant ✓
4. D only registered documents ✓

Fresh evidence on appeal is not relevancy chapter but admissibility at trial distinguishes

1. A they are identical always ✓
2. B relevancy never matters ✓
3. C relevancy (logical connection) from admissibility (legal permission) ✓
4. D admissibility is irrelevant for courts ✓

Article 42 QSO makes relevant

1. A private diary entries unrelated to custom ✓
2. B statements as to public rights or customs by persons of reputed knowledge ✓
3. C confessions to police ✓
4. D leading questions in chief always ✓

Article 61 QSO covers opinions on handwriting by

1. A person acquainted with handwriting or expert under Article 59 ✓
2. B any passerby without knowledge ✓
3. C only accused ✓
4. D only police officer in all cases ✓

Facts bearing on quantum of damages may be relevant under

1. A Article 35 confessions only ✓
2. B general relevancy provisions and facts in issue framework ✓
3. C Article 58 character always ✓
4. D Article 46 judicial notice exclusively ✓

An admission of fact does not by itself prove

1. A any evidentiary value ever ✓
2. B legal conclusion if law requires independent proof of certain elements ✓
3. C estoppel in any context ✓
4. D binding effect on party ✓

Relevancy of age in cases involving minority may involve

1. A Article 59 expert or documentary proof like birth entries under other Articles ✓
2. B Article 57 character rule ✓
3. C Article 35 police confession ✓
4. D Article 140 only ✓

Article 16 QSO makes relevant existence of course of business when

1. A supporting inference that act was done in ordinary course ✓
2. B proving character in civil conduct ✓
3. C proving police confession ✓
4. D proving foreign judgment always conclusively ✓